Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 9
selvanegra / Getty Images
T-lymphocytes attack a migrating cancer cell
being just static molecules that are merely sought after for
their presence in biological samples. For instance, in the
case of enzymatic diagnostics, the marker of clinical disease is also an active component of the test-such is the
case for the lactic acid dehydrogenase test, a classic example of an active biomarker for cell damage that is utilized
for a variety of pathological states.
Immunoglobulins are another example of protein biomarkers that can be an active part of the testing procedure.
Antibodies have been an essential part of lab diagnostics
for decades. Their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assays (ELISA) or other such immunoassays are integral to
"wet-lab" style of bioanalytical methods. Antibodies are
typically produced by the immune system in response to
infections, yet in some instances of cancer, the immune
system produces immunoglobulin molecules to control
the growth of various tumors. This innate immunotherapy
did not go unnoticed by research scientists and over the
years many of them have intently tried to stimulate the
immune system, in a variety of manners, to keep cancerous growths in check-effectively spawning the burgeonwww.clinicalomics.com
ing field of Immuno-oncology therapeutics.
Keeping It All in Check
Since immunotherapy continues to revolutionize the cancer treatment landscape, the American Society of Clinical
Oncology has bestowed upon it the moniker of top cancer advance for 2016. Currently, checkpoint inhibitors
represent some of the most exciting therapies in the last
20 years, demonstrating extraordinary rates of long-lasting responses for a variety of the most difficult-to-treat
cancers. Though for all their success, many patients don't
respond to immunotherapies and in some cases can have
serious, life-threating side-effects-owing to the growing
demand for biomarkers that can discern which patients
will positively respond to treatment.
Two of the most relevant protein biomarkers in recent
years are the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1),
a surface receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin
superfamily, and its ligand (PD-L1) a small transmembrane protein that has been implicated in playing a major
(continued on next page)
September 2016 Clinical OMICs
9
http://www.clinicalomics.com
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9
Contents
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - Cover1
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - Cover2
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - Contents
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 4
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 5
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 6
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 7
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 8
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 9
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 10
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 11
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 12
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 13
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 14
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 15
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 16
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 17
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 18
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 19
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 20
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 21
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 22
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 23
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 24
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 25
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 26
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 27
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 28
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 29
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 30
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 31
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 32
Clinical OMICs - Volume 3, Issue 9 - 33
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss9
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss8
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss7
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss6
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss5
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol3iss1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss12
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss11
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss10
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss9
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss8
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss7
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss6
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss5
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_vol2iss1
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue15
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue14
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue13
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue12
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue11
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue10
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue9
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue8
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue7
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue6
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue5
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue3
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gen/clinical_omics_issue1
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com