PHCbi-Panasonic eBook - 7

Cell Therapy Today * New Developments in Immunotherapy * Benefits of Oxygen Control in the Cell Culture Incubator

to 19.95%. Although this O2 level is somewhat
reduced, hypoxia is not achieved nor is it controlled
to the point of reproducibility and continuity.
At the cellular level, in vitro oxygen plays a critical
role in the regulation of a variety of cellular
processes.6 Within a given tissue, the oxygen level
controls specific biological events, such as cell
differentiation, cell proliferation and wound healing.
Conventionally, mammalian cells have been
cultured at atmospheric oxygen levels (~20%)
in vitro. Most mammalian cells, however, are
derived from tissues that contain sub-atmospheric oxygen in the range of 2-11%.7
While in vitro cell culture remains a mainstay in
the modeling of disease and physiological mechanisms, contemporary research demonstrates the
detrimental effects of culturing mammalian cells
at atmospheric oxygen levels.
Research has linked higher in vitro oxygen levels
to more frequent chromosomal breaking, expression of 'stress response' genes, more oxidative
7

| GENengnews.com

Table 2 - Known Percentages of Oxygen in Selected Human Tumors5
Tumor Type
Brain
Head and Neck
Lung
Breast
Cervix
Liver
Pancreas
Prostate
Vulva
Melanoma
Renal
Rectal
Sarcoma

Median Oxygen, Normal Tissue
3.4%
5.3% to 6.7%
5.6%
6.8%
5.5%
3.9%
3.4% to 3.9%
5.3%
4.9%
6.8%
6.7%

damage and a weaker cell overall. Whether
cultures are used for hosting or for expression of
a cellular derived product, incompatible O2
exposure impacts downstream results.

Oxygen Regulation of Hypoxic Inducible
Factors in the Cell Culture Processes
Below ambient oxygen concentrations func-

Median Oxygen, Tumor
1.7%
1.6% to 1.9%
1.9% to 2.2%
1.3%
1.2%
1.8%
0.3%
0.3% to 1.2%
1.3% to 1.7%
1.5%
1.3%
2.5% to 4.2%
1.8%

tion as a signaling molecule for certain cellular
events. Among the most significant cellular factor
regulated by low oxygen concentrations is
hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF).
HIF embraces a class of DNA-binding proteins
and becomes activated at physiological oxygen
levels. HIF regulates the transcription of a variety
of genes critical for maintaining overall cellular


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PHCbi-Panasonic eBook

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of PHCbi-Panasonic eBook

Contents
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PHCbi-Panasonic eBook - 36
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