Sartorius eBook - 30
THE FUTURE OF DRUG DISCOVERY: LIVE 3D CELL ANALYSIS
can occur over time12. Therefore, QC should be
are continually stirred to form aggregates, and
performed at every stage to monitor the health
agitation-free methods, where gravity-forced
and function of neuronal cell lines.
aggregation occurs13. These processes promote
cell-to-cell adhesion and typically induce the self-
4. Live Cell Monitoring of Complex
assembly of multicellular spheroids that secrete
Assays:3D Spheroid Formation
their own extracellular matrix components (ECM).
The creation of three-dimensional (3D) cell
Scaffold-based spheroid systems, contrarily,
culture systems is a key focus in drug discovery
mimic the native ECM and replicate the
and tissue engineering. These techniques
microenvironment of specific tissues in order to
demonstrate increased complexity and
promote cell growth and migration14. These can
translatability to the in vivo environment-and
be created from many different synthetic and
what's more, cells in 3D structures are often
biological materials, from microcarrier beads
better at maintaining differential and clonal
and micropatterned plates, to sophisticated
expansion after long-term passaging than cells
microfluidics systems. Natural ECM gels, such as
in 2D structures. In providing more relevant
Matrigel® and polymeric structures like hydrogels
and translational in vitro models compared to
provide structural matrices15, whereas collagen,
their 2D counterparts, 3D cell cultures are now
laminin, or alginate can be used to construct
gaining traction. Advanced 3D structures, such as
prefabricated scaffolds consisting of a network of
spheroids and organoids, better replicate the in
fibers through which cells can easily migrate16.
vivo cellular environment and microarchitecture
ECM and stromal cell scaffolds more closely
of organs, and show huge potential, particularly
recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, and
in the fields of oncology and hepatotoxicity.
therefore, increase the predictive accuracy of
Depending on the type of cell and tissue
origin, and the aims of the assay, 3D cultures
spheroids for testing compounds.
Despite their contribution to many areas of
can use scaffold-free or scaffold-based systems.
research, the formation of reproducible and
Scaffold-free methods that generate spheroids
uniform 3D spheroids assays is technically
are proving popular by offering a relatively easy
challenging and may follow unpredictable
route to 3D cell culture that can be applied to
time-courses. Additionally, 3D models exhibit
a broad range of cell types. Broadly speaking,
significantly more complex morphology and
scaffold-free techniques fall into agitation-
function than 2D cultured cells, not to mention
based methods, where cells in suspensions
their diversity in architecture, highlighting the
30 |
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Sartorius eBook
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Sartorius eBook
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