H2Tech - Q2 2022 - 27

HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
TABLE 3. Overview of unit capital costs for different pipeline transport scenarios
Pipeline diameter,
mm (in.)
1,200 (48)
900 (36)
500 (20)
Repurposed/new
Repurposed
New
Repurposed
New
Repurposed
New
Design/capacity,
GW H2
(LHV)*
13
13
3.6
4.7
1.2
1.2
Inlet pressure,
bar
40
Operating
pressure, bar
80
Pipeline capital
30
50
expenditure, M€/km
0.5
2.8
0.4
2.2
0.3
1.5
Compression capital
expenditure, M€/km
0.62
0.62
0.14
0.32
0.09
0.09
* The authors choose to report LHV as it is customarily used in energy system analyses, including in studies published by the European Commission. Note that some experts
recommend using HHV for electrolysis, as it is a closed system and LHV for fuel cells.
Pipeline
diameter,
mm
1,200
900
500
TABLE 4. Overview of levelized cost of pipeline transport, assuming 5,000 load hr for different scenarios
Inlet
Repurposed/
new
Repurposed
New
Repurposed
New
Repurposed
New
Design/capacity,
GW H2
(LHV)
13
13
3.6
4.7
1.2
1.2
Updated costs. The updated cost estimates
are the result of a series of hydraulic
simulations conducted by gas TSOs.
The modeled scenarios cover a range of
point-to-point pipeline transport cases
with varying input parameters-selected
by TSOs-including pipeline diameter,
operating pressure and design capacity.
Note that these analyses, while thoroughly
conducted, are not exhaustive
and merely serve as high-level approximations
of what would happen in a real
network. Regarding inlet (starting) pressure,
operating (maximum) pressure and
compression
requirements
to achieve
these, there are no standardized rules or
benchmarks for these currently. Views
on these key parameters differ amongst
TSOs and depend on project-specific
planning considerations, and pressures
may differ from the figures reported in
this study. Therefore, given the simplifying
assumptions made in the analyses,
these results should not be considered
as representative of a fully optimized, actual
meshed pipeline grid. Key results are
summarized in TABLES 3-5.
As defined in this study, small pipelines
make up about 10% of the backbone
in terms of length and typically only
cover modest distances, up to 200 km, at
pressure,
bar
40
Operating
pressure,
bar
80
Levelized cost of
transport,
€/kg/1,000 km
0.08
0.16
0.11
0.3
30
50
-
-
0.05
0.14
SPECIAL FOCUS
Levelized cost of
transport,
€/kg/200 km
-
-
-
-
Capacity- and
distance-weighted
share, % of backbone
33
25
19
13
6
3
TABLE 5. Breakdown of estimated lengths by pipeline size and shares of repurposed
and new pipelines of the EHB (2040)
Small
Size
Repurposed
New
Subtotal
(< 700 mm)
3,200
1,450
4,650
Medium
(700 mm-950 mm)
11,500
5,300
16,800
a time. For this reason, levelized costs
are expressed per 1,000 km for medium
and large pipelines but per 200 km for
small pipelines. In addition, newly built
small pipelines would likely only be constructed
in niche situations (e.g., where
they are needed to connect two existing
repurposed natural gas pipelines of the
same size).
LITERATURE CITED
1
2
Gas for Climate, " Publications, " online: https://
gasforclimate2050.eu/publications/
Wang, A., K. Leun, D. Peters and M. Buseman,
" European Hydrogen Backbone: How a
dedicated hydrogen infrastructure can be
created, " Gas for Climate, July 2020, online:
https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/
uploads/2020/07/2020_European-HydrogenBackbone_Report.pdf
3
W.
Ad and J. Chatzimarkakis, " Green hydrogen for
a European Green Deal: A 2x40 GW Initiative, "
Hydrogen Europe, March 2020.
4
Large
(> 950 mm) Subtotal
5,700
5,700
18,200
27,200
12,450
39,650
% share
69
31
100
European Commission, " A hydrogen strategy for a
climate-neutral Europe, " July 2020, online: https://
ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/hydrogen_
strategy.pdf
5
Simonelli, F., " Competitiveness of the heating and
cooling industry and services-Part 2 of the study
on the competitiveness of the renewable energy
sector, " European Commission, 2019.
6 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy,
" The National Hydrogen Strategy, " German
federal government, June 2020, online: https://
www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/
Energie/the-national-hydrogen-strategy.pdf?__
blob=publicationFile&v=6
7
North Sea Wind Power Hub, " Integration routes
North Sea offshore wind 2050, " Navigant,
a Guidehouse company, April 2020, online:
https://northseawindpowerhub.eu/sites/
northseawindpowerhub.eu/files/media/
document/NSWPH-Integration-routesoffshore-wind-2050.pdf
8
Energinet,
" System perspectives for the 70%
greenhouse gas reduction target and large-scale
offshore wind, " online: https://en.energinet.
dk/Analysis-and-Research/Analyses/Systemperspectives-for-the-70pct-target-and-largescale-offshore-wind
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