H2Tech - Q4 2021 - 36

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
is calculated to use 180 Pj (1,500 kt) of
H2
.5
Both quantities require significant
to blue H2
, as well
is proproduction,
which can be achieved by the
conversion of gray H2
as the utilization of green H2.5
Green H2 transition. Green H2
duced by renewable power (e.g., wind
farms and photovoltaic plants). The production
of H2
can be obtained with the
FIG. 4. Incubation time for high-temperature H2
welded with post-weld heat treatment) in high-temperature H2
attack damage of carbon steel (non-welded or
service.
use of electrolyzers, which can run during
periods of excess power production without
introducing this power to the electricity
grid due to the limited comparison of
production and demand.
The present generation cost of green
ranges from $2.5/kg-$4.5/kg. The
H2
challenge is that it is more expensive to
produce green H2
than blue H2
. Mitigation
and investment cost reduction are expected
through the introduction of commercial
incentives (i.e., subsidization),
environmental regulations and continued
technology maturity.
LITERATURE CITED
1
Melaina, M. W., O. Antonia and M. Penev,
" Blending hydrogen into natural gas pipeline
networks: A review of key issues, " NREL/
TP-5600-51995, March 2013.
2
FIG. 5. Predictions for Dutch H2
demand in 2050 vs. the consumption sector.
improper backfill for plastic pipes; natural
catastrophes; excavation damage; equipment
malfunction; and operation offset.1
ENERGY TRANSITION
THROUGH H2
Blue H2
ing greenhouse gas emissions remains
under development for commercial utilization.
Presently, blue H2
less expensive than green H2
transition. The H2
transition is
related to the restructuring of electricity
generation supply within the next decades,
considering the environmental regulations
that are applied due to climate change.
Assuming CO2
capture and storage-
quantities utilizing proand
considering its capabilities to produce
greater H2
cessing such as steam reforming (STR),
autothermal reforming (ATR), partial
oxidation and coal gasification in industry,
petrochemicals and power plants-
blue H2
to be developed at a large scale. Additionally,
CH4
sis leaving solid carbon without produc36
Q4 2021 | H2-Tech.com
is 1.5-2 times
, and the
mentioned technology can be developed
much faster.3
CO2
emissions remain the primary
challenge, but innovative technologies
will continue to improve the industry's
environmental footprint.
For example, future demand for H2
as
an energy carrier in the Netherlands is
analyzed in FIG. 5, which forecasts a total
estimated demand of 430 PJ (120 TWh)
per year will be reached in 2050, which
is substantial and sufficient to build a hydrogen
chain.4
Six sectors for H2
can ease the transition to green
H2 production, which requires more time
decomposition through pyrolyis
relatively cheap, resultAmerican
Petroleum Institute (API) 941, " Steels
for hydrogen service at elevated temperatures
and pressures in petroleum refineries and
petrochemical plants, " API Recommended
Practice, February 2016.
3
Noussan, M., P. P. Raimondi, R. Scita and M.
Hafner, " The role of green and blue hydrogen
in the energy transition-A technological and
geopolitical perspective, " Sustainability 2021,
December 2020, online: https://doi.org/10.3390/
su13010298
4
Berenschot and Kalavasta, " Climate neutral
energy scenarios 2050 (in Dutch), " BK study,
2020, online: https://www.rijksoverheid.
nl/documenten/rapporten/2020/03/31/
klimaatneutrale-energiescenarios-2050
5
Schroot, B., " The Netherlands: a blue hydrogen
economy now will ease a transition to green, "
April 2021, online: www.energypost.eu
GIANNIS VALLIOS serves as a
member of the board of directors
and Gas, Water & Energy Division
Director of METRON SA-Energy
Applications. He is now involved
with the energy transition
projects, including hydrogen
demand in 2050 are
shown; for two of them, it is assumed that
the imported H2
ing in higher domestic demand. A more
conservative estimation asserts that approximately
250 Pj/yr of domestic H2
mand is a realistic case. Likewise, industry
deutilization.
He has 30 yr of experience in natural
gas, oil and energy projects in the fields of design
and detailed engineering and project management,
integrating and delivering complete systems for fuel
processing, controlling and custody metering to the
international market. Mr. Vallios earned a Diploma
degree in mechanical engineering at the University of
Patras in Greece, an MSc degree in energy and
thermal power from Manchester University in
the U.K., and an MSc degree in environmental
engineering from Hellenic Open University.

https://www.doi.org/10.3390/su13010298 https://www.doi.org/10.3390/su13010298 https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2020/03/31/klimaatneutrale-energiescenarios-2050 https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2020/03/31/klimaatneutrale-energiescenarios-2050 https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2020/03/31/klimaatneutrale-energiescenarios-2050 http://www.energypost.eu http://www.H2-Tech.com

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