H2Tech - Q4 2021 - 40

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
diagram of the LH2
FIG. 8 shows a more detailed block flow
vector with the key
material balance. TABLE 7 and TABLE 8 are
related to the different process blocks in
FIG. 8. Each table shows the capacity of the
individual unit and whether one or more
units are required based on the largestcapacity
references found in the literature.
H2
production is the same SMR +
CCS process as that described for the
LNG vector, other than a slightly larger
capacity due to the usage of H2
as a fuel
for shipping. Infrastructure and revenue
from byproducts such as natural gas liquids
(NGL) and condensate have not
been considered.
H2
liquefaction (TABLE 7) by cryogen)
and LNG liquefaction, but
ic refrigeration has similarities to both
nitrogen (N2
FIG. 7. APCI AP-X process.16
presently at very small scale. Refrigeration
compressors, brazed plate-fin heat
exchangers and turboexpanders are the
main equipment used, plus catalysts to
convert ortho-H2
to para-H2
liquefaction plant.12
to prevent
excessive evaporation in the process.
FIG. 9 shows a simplified flow diagram for
an H2
FIG. 8. LH2 vector process blocks.
TABLE 7. LH2 liquefaction
Value chain block
H2 liquefaction
H2 gas capacity
Capital cost
Operations and
maintenance
Power consumption
Total operating cost
Total cost
Capacity
-
556 tpd
3 × 85,928
Nm3
/hr
-
18.4 MWe
-
-
TABLE 8. LH2 regasifi cation
Value chain block
LH2 regasifi cation
LH2 capacity
Capital cost
Operations and maintenance
Power consumption
Total operating cost
Total cost
40 Q4 2021 | H2-Tech.com
Capacity
171,115 metric tpy
-
-
12.2 MWe
-
-
0.47
0.6
38.7
39.3
40
Base case specifi c value,
$/metric t H2
UK21
282
317
599
834
114
235
349
444
235
95
Base case specifi c
value, $/metric t H2
Qatar
Future case-specifi c
value, $/metric t H2
Qatar
Notes
See Literature 14,16
0.5% losses
assumed16
It is an energy-consuming and inefat
-253°C. Existing techfor
liquefaction.13
In
liqueficient
process due to the very low boiling
point of H2
nologies require 25%-35% of the energy
content of the H2
addition, BOG management adds duty
to prevent loss of product.
Limited data is available on H2
faction, and the largest existing liquefiers
have a design capacity of up to 50 tpd.14
H2
liquefiers as large as 500 tpd are being
developed, but no good data is available
in the public domain. This study requires
517 tpd of H2
a good fit; however, the best data was
based on a 200-tpd unit quoted in literature.15
This
study is based on three prorated
units. Energy requirements quoted
are in the range of 8 kWh/kg-12 kWh/kg
H2
.15,16
Lower energy requirements for
, but for the purH2
liquefiers are being researched with a
target of 6 kWh/kg H2
pose of this study, realistic unit sizes and
energy requirements are used. It is expected
that in the near future, larger and
lower-energy units will become available,
so this is included as a sensitivity only for
LH2
liquefaction.
LH2 storage is based on having sufficient
storage to service the number of
ships and their sizes. The same storage
capacity in Qatar and the UK is assumed
, so a single unit could be
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