HP March 2022 eBook—Energy Transition - 98

Sustainability
of SOEC acting as an oxygen separation membrane and its ability
to utilize heat in lieu of power, so that the expensive air separation
unit can be eliminated. In addition to a number of advantages, this
ensures a far better scalability of the electrified ammonia plant.
The nitrogen needed in the synthesis gas fed to the HaberBosch
Synthesis (the conventional iron catalyzed ammonia synthesis
that the ammonia technology is based on) is introduced
by stagewise-burning part of the hydrogen generated by steam
electrolysis. The heat that is evolved equates to the extra power
needed to generate the hydrogen burned. Another way of looking
at the overall scheme is that the SOEC acts as the air separation
unit due to the electrolyte separating oxygen from the fuel
side, which is done with very high efficiency.
When combining the balanced concept with a downstream
ammonia synthesis and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based
power plant, which converts the ammonia into electricity at a high
efficiency (above 60%), the energy storage circle is complete.
The fact that ammonia is an excellent SOFC fuel was demonstrated
by HTAS and the Risø-DTU National Laboratory for
Sustainable Energy, among others, around 2005. Putting this
knowledge into the new energy storage context with new and
improved stacks, it comes to a 2019 revival. DTU will carry out
the experimental work in the project.
Ammonia can also be used in gas turbine combined-cycle
power plants, but will require precracking of the ammonia. In
addition, with minor modifications of diesel engines, ammonia
can be used in ships. This is an important application, as the international
shipping association has committed to cutting CO2
emissions by 50% before 2050. Methanol from biogenic raw
materials could also be used, but the biomass potential is not
large enough to cover the need of the shipping industry, which is
close to 3% of the total energy consumption in the world.
The ammonia project has a total budget of approximately $4
MM, and will be carried out over the next 40 mos at Aarhus
University's test site in Foulum.
JOHN BØGILD HANSEN is Senior Principal Research Scientist
with Haldor Topsoe. In 1975, he graduated with an MSc degree in
chemical engineering from DTU and joined Topsoe's catalyst
division. Four years later, Mr. Hansen moved to R&D, where he
became department manager in 1985. He was responsible for fuel
processing for fuel cells and catalyst and process technology for
ammonia, methanol, DME, gasoline and reforming. In 2000, he was
appointed Senior Scientist and Advisor to the chairman, Dr. Haldor Topsøe, mainly on
energy-related issues, such as hydrogen and synthetic fuel production, fuel cell and
electrolyzer system development, as well as biomass utilization. In 2014, he rejoined
R&D. Mr. Hansen has published more than 70 papers and holds 26 patents.
MARTIN SKOV SKJØTH-RASMUSSEN is Vice President for
technology development in R&D with Haldor Topsoe. After
earning an MSc degree in chemical engineering from DTU in 1999,
he joined Topsoe R&D to study soot formation in autothermal
reforming until 2003. He then worked as Assistant Professor for 2
yr at the Department of Chemical Engineering at DTU, before
rejoining Topsoe. Since 2005, he has held several positions within
Topsoe R&D, including project management and general management in relation to
steam reforming and associated catalysis, materials and technology. In 2012, he was
appointed VP of all chemical- and syngas-related R&D activities, and since 2017 he
has also been in charge of technology development.
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HP March 2022 eBook—Energy Transition

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