Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2020 - 72

Maintenance and Reliability
guidelines due to limited piping flexibility and the
requirements of the standard layout.
2. Strength and section modulus for nonstandard valves
may be less in comparison to standard valves, as dedicated
design standards are not available for nonstandard valves.
Established design standards have a higher safety factor
that ensures sufficient strength and section modulus.
A stress engineer should communicate with the manufacturer
and provide/verify the loads to be used for valve design.
Two main types of loads act on the valve body: thermal load
(temperature) and structural load (pressure). In FIG. 2, point Z1
shows the outer part of the valve exposed to the atmosphere, Z2
shows the inner side of the valve that comes into contact with
the fluid domain, and Z3 shows the inner side of the valve subjected to pressure load.

When a nonstandard valve is installed in a piping system,
the pressure of the internal medium, the bending or torsion
moment (M), as well as the external pressure loads (F1 ) and
external tension loads (F2 ), are applied on a case-by-case basis.
An FEA analysis of the valve can be performed assuming
that M, F1 and F2 are applied simultaneously, along with the internal medium pressure of the valve. The composite action of an
external force and the internal medium pressure will be considered in the analysis of the structural strength of the valve body.
Recommendations. Standard P-T rating valves installed in

stress-critical piping systems can be automatically qualified if
the connected piping is qualified with a software-aided stress
analysis. Individual stress qualification by another analysis (e.g.,
FEA) is not required for these valves for each piping system.
In critical/special piping systems in which nonstandard
valves are to be installed, FEA analysis of valves is required. A
design engineer should communicate with the manufacturer
and provide/verify the loads to be used for valve design to ensure safe and reliable plant operation.
MRINMOY GHOSH CHOUDHURY is an Engineering Professional
with extensive experience in process plant engineering from
concept to commissioning, with special emphasis on piping and
plant engineering. He has contributed a number of papers to
reputed engineering journals. He has worked for Reliance
Engineering, Toyo Engineering India, Chemtex Engineering
India, Engineers India Ltd. and DCL.

FIG. 2. Valve and loads.

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Hydrocarbon Processing
72

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Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2020

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