Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 55
Plant Design, Engineering and Construction
TABLE 7. Impact of a CO2
tax on IRR, with and without CO2 capture options-breakeven points are shown for pre-combustion
capture (blue) and post-combustion capture (green)
CO2 emissions, t/t crude
CO2 tax, $/t
Case A2: RFCC + PP + aromatics complex
No capture
Case B2B: DCU + NHCU + SC
Pre-combustion capture
Post-combustion capture
No capture
Pre-combustion capture
Post-combustion capture
Case B5: RHC + NHCU + aromatics complex
No capture
Pre-combustion capture
Post-combustion capture
TABLE 8. Impact of crude type on IRR (prices of other feeds/
products and utilities are unchanged)-the configurations with
the highest IRR are in green, followed by the second-highest in
blue and the lowest in orange
RFCC
Case
A0
A1
A2
DCU
B0
B1
RFCC
RFCC + PP
RFCC + PP +
aromatics complex
DCU + HCU
DCU + HCU + SC
B2A DCU + NHCU + SC
B2B DCU + NHCU + SC,
GO to NHCU
B3
B4
B5
DCU + NHCU + SC +
aromatics complex
DCU + NHCU +
aromatics complex
RHC + NHCU +
aromatics complex
Urals Arab Light CPC
8.9
12.4
16.5
18
11
12.4
11.2
8.3
14.1
15.4
17.7
13.5
15.8
5.3
9.6
9
6.5
12
12.4
15.3
3.9
8.4
15.8
5.8
11.5
10.9
7.8
14.2
16.3
17.3
-5
CO2 can be reused (e.g., enhanced oil recovery) or stored as
part of a CO2
sequestration project. Intrinsic CO2
emissions
can be reduced by implementing energy conservation methods,
incorporating system electrification (such as replacing steam
drivers with electric drivers and using electric heaters instead of
gas-fired heaters), and replacing natural gas for bio-based materials
or co-processing bio-based materials in the process units.
Two cases of carbon capture are considered: 1) pre-comcapture
from the process gas in a hydrogen plant
(also known as blue hydrogen, which will reduce hydrogen
plant CO2
capture from the combined complex flue gases, which reduces
total CO2
of 35 barg for further transportation.
Adding CO2
(theoretically, higher removal rates are possible). In all cases,
CO2
emissions by 50%), and 2) post-combustion CO2
emissions by approximately 70% in this example
is made available at the complex battery limit at a pressure
capture comes with increased investment and
operational costs, both of which negatively impact economics.
Relative to the reference case, IRR drops between 0.4% (in
DCU Base
DCU + NHCU2 + SC
RHC + NHCU + aromatics complex
RFCC + PP + aromatics complex
FIG. 12. Impact of a CO2
20
40
DCU + SC
DCU + NHCU + SC + aromatics complex
RFCC
tax on IRR.
bustion CO2
Case A2, IRR decreases 18% to 17.6%, and, in Case B5, IRR
decreases from 17.7% to 17.3%) and 0.5% (in Case B2B, IRR
decreases from 8.3% to 7.8%), with pre-combustion capture
and no CO2
tax enforced (TABLE 7). Post-combustion CO2
capture reduces IRR between 3.5% (in Case B5, IRR decreases
from 17.7% to 14.2%) and 4.6% (in Case B2B, IRR decreases
from 8.3% to 3.7%).
IRR decreases as the CO2
tax increases, but less so when
capture, despite the
CO2 capture is part of the complex. At some point, the IRR with
CO2 capture exceeds the IRR without CO2
higher investment and operational costs. For pre-combustion
CO2
For post-combustion CO2
capture, this happens when the CO2 tax exceeds $75/t.
capture, this occurs when the CO2
Hydrocarbon Processing | AUGUST 2021 55
60
CO2 tax, $/t
DCU + NHCU + SC
DCU + NHCU + aromatics complex
RFCC + PP
80
100
120
140
0.34
0.3
0.11
0.79
0.68
0.25
0.27
0.24
0.09
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
-10
-5
5
10
15
20
Petrochemicals on crude, %
FIG. 11. CO2 emissions vs. petrochemical output.
10
15
20
5
25
30
35
40
18
17.6
14.4
8.3
7.8
3.7
17.7
17.3
14.2
DCU/RHC + (N)HCU + steam cracker
+ aromatics complex
RFCC cases
A0 A1
B1
B0
B5 B4
A2
B2A
B3
50
16
15.8
13.7
4.9
4.8
2.4
15.8
15.6
13.5
IRR, %
75
14.9
14.9
13.4
2.9
3.1
1.8
14.8
14.7
13.2
100
13.8
13.9
13
0.7
1.2
1.1
13.7
13.8
12.9
125
12.6
12.8
12.7
-2.1
-1
0.3
12.6
12.8
12.6
B2B
IRR, %
CO2 t/t crude
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021
Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Intro
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 51
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 55
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 68
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 69
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 70
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 71
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 72
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 73
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 74
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 75
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 76
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 77
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 78
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 79
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 80
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 81
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - 82
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - Cover4
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-1
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-2
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-3
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-4
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-5
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-6
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-7
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-8
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-9
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-10
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-11
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-12
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-13
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-14
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-15
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-16
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-17
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-18
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-19
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-20
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-21
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-22
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-23
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-24
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-25
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-26
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-27
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-28
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-29
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-30
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-31
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-32
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-33
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-34
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-35
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-36
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-37
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-38
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-39
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2021 - GP-40
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/HPI-Market-Data-2023-v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2024-v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/gas-processes-handbook-2022_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/gas-processes-handbook-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hp_202212
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2023-v2
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2022_v2
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_processes_handbook_2021_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_processes_handbook_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_ebooks
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/catalyst_handbook_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/catalyst_handbook_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201802
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201706
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201704
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201703
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201702
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201701
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2017mediaplanner
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201612
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201611
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201609
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201608
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201107_srsguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201008
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201005
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200901
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com