Hydrocarbon Processing - September 2021 - 57

Catalysts
the direct precursor for the uncontrolled
SOx
emissions. The SOx
an obvious parameter for SOx
additive rate is
emissions
reduction, while the excess oxygen level
typically has an effect on SOx
additive performance,
particularly at the low oxygen
levels at which the Rotterdam FCCU runs.
The correlation for calculating actual
SOx emissions using a SOX additive:
* Calculated SOx (ppm) =
-119.33 + 326.72* (slurry sulfur,
wt%) -0.41*(addition rate, 7-d
average kg/d) -14.21*(O2
FIG. 6 shows the SOx
, vol%)
emissions calculated
using the regression (in black).
These data points overlap closely with
the actual SOx
sions, while the newest proprietary additivea
reduced
SOx
resulted in 6% lower SOx
emissions by 12%.
Takeaway. Through improved cerium
and vanadium dispersion, as well as increased
spinel content, the authors' comNEW
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emissions during the period
of using a general additive. The analysis
highlights that on average compared
to the general additive, the proprietary
additiveb
emispany's
SOx reduction additivea
ing improved levels of SOx
is deliverreduction
performance
in multiple back-to-back
additive trials. More than 15 refiners
globally have now successfully trialed
the new additive vs. the general additive.
The investment made in the commercialization
of the new additive highlights
the commitment to developing
new FCC additive technology as part of
the authors' company's continued focus
on its FCC product portfolio. The case
study described at BP Rotterdam demonstrates
the high levels of SOx
reduction
performance that is possible, based
on both unit operating data and multivariable
regression analysis.
As described, the new FCC additive
has been applied successfully
technologya
in BP Rotterdam's full-burn FCCU. This
new additive has also been successfully
trialed in partial-burn FCCUs, which will
be described in upcoming articles.
LITERATURE CITED
1
Habib, T. and K. Bryden, " Flexible pilot plant technology
for evaluation of unconventional feedstocks
and processes, " AFPM Reliability & Maintenance
Conference and Exhibition, Orlando, Florida, 2013.
NOTES
a W. R. Grace & Co.'s EMISSCIAN™
b W. R. Grace & Co.'s Super DESOX®
c W. R. Grace & Co.'s Super DESOX® CV+
COLIN BAILLIE joined W. R. Grace &
Co. in 2006 and is the Manager, FCC
Environmental Additives. This
portfolio of products includes
technologies for SOX
and nitrogen
oxide (NOX) emissions control,
combustion promoters, as well as
gasoline sulfur reduction. Dr. Baillie earned an MBA
from the Open University, UK, and a PhD in chemistry
from the University of Liverpool, UK.
CLINT COOPER is a Technical
Services Manager for Grace W. R. &
Co.'s FCC business. In addition to
providing technical service for
Grace's North American accounts,
Mr. Cooper utilizes his experience in
FCC kinetic modeling to support the
broader technical service teams. He joined Grace in
2019 with the acquisition of Rive Technology, where
he had worked for 5 yr as a Technical Services
Manager to commercialize the novel FCC zeolite
technology. Mr. Cooper began his career as an FCC
Design Specialist for Stone & Webster and Lummus
Technology, and holds a BS degree in chemical
engineering from The University of Texas at Austin.
Hydrocarbon Processing | SEPTEMBER 2021 57

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Hydrocarbon Processing - September 2021

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