Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-26

TREATING & NGL
Introduction. NGL, also known as hydrocarbon condensate,
are light hydrocarbons in the same family of molecules as natural
gas and crude oil that have condensed from the gaseous
state of natural gas into a liquid state. This condensation may
occur naturally in the wellsite when pressure is reduced, or at
the surface. Aboveground, the presence of NGL in natural gas
(also called rich gas) is unstable, as heavier components will
condense, while lighter components normally remain gaseous
and will need to be separated in a gas processing plant, either
by distillation or a refrigeration/cryogenic process.
In general, NGL is composed of hydrocarbons, such as propane,
butane, pentane, hexane, etc., and compounds with more
carbon atoms (such as pentane, or blends of butane, pentane
and other hydrocarbons with additional carbon atoms) will exist
as liquids at ambient temperatures.1
Hydrocarbon condensate
that does not require specific processing can be directly
sent to the export pipeline; this is typically the case at offshore
production platforms.
Destabilized NGL contain several impurities, such as free,
emulsified and dissolved water; salts; acidic components; corrosion
inhibitors; hydrate inhibitors (monoethylene glycol, methanol
and kinetic hydrate inhibitors); solid particles (e.g., corrosion
products, sand); and solid-like particles (e.g., waxes, gels).2-5
Various separation technologies are available to separate gas,
impurities, water and salt content from un-stabilized condensate,
such as gravity settlers, knockout vessels with mesh pads,
electrostatic desalters and cartridge coalescers, cooling (refrigeration),
oil absorption, adsorption (such as by activated carTABLE
1. NGL composition, vol%
Sample point
C1
GPP-1
GPP-2
GPP-3
GPP-4
GPP-5
GPP-6
1.28
1.28
0.5
C2
60.04
60.04
47
C3
24.45
44.13
35.04
24.45
33.3
49.11
IC4
3.75
7.1
7.69
3.75
3.4
7.05
bon or silica gel) or membrane processes.6-8
All technologies
have specific features that make them suitable for a given set of
operating conditions.
Also, integrated NGL recovery can employ different schemes,
such as condensation by refrigerant or expander technology.9
Usually, the raw natural gas feedstock from a gas well or a group of
wells (oil wells, gas wells and condensate wells) or a gas oil separation
plant (GOSP) is cooled to lower the gas temperature to
below its hydrocarbon dewpoint at the feedstock pressure. This
condenses a large part of the gas condensate hydrocarbons. The
feedstock mixture of gas, liquid condensate, and water is then
routed to a high-pressure separator vessel (three-phase separator)
and coalescers, where the free water and the raw natural gas are
separated and removed. The condensate is then treated by a stabilization
process (condensate stripper column) prior to export.
A typical NGL process flow diagram is shown in FIG. 1. The
stripper column enables the separation of the H2
S, moisture
and light ends to stabilize and sweeten the NGL product. The
condensate stripper reboilers provide the heat required to strip
the H2
S, residual water and light ends out of the hydrocarbon
condensate. This operation aims to reduce the vapor pressure of
NGL by eliminating the light fractions to make it safe for storage
at atmospheric conditions and for transportation.5-8
The
stabilized NGL is marketed under various forms, depending
on the production rate, composition and available downstream
markets and transportation network.
Water as a contaminant in hydrocarbon condensate has been
classified into different categories-usually free, emulsified, disNC4
6.84
27.2
25.1
6.84
10.7
16.65
IC5
2.14
6
6.64
1.62
1.3
5.16
TABLE
2. Water saturation values (ppmw) of pure components at varying temperatures
Chemical
0°
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
n-Butane
isopentane
n-Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
C
6
31
56
25
20
33
29
32
27
27
25
24
C
20°
C
40
65
93
42
34
55
49
57
54
51
40
37
26 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021 | GasProcessingNews.com
130
154
71
60
92
81
101
96
95
63
57
NC5
1.24
9.2
9.38
1.33
3.1
6.82
C6
0.17
6.30
16.11
0.57
0.49
15
C7
0.09
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.14
0.18
C8
0.04
0.07
0.03
Water saturation values of pure components at different temperature
10°
16
30°
81
C
250
240
120
104
155
135
179
172
168
102
88
40°
C
137
400
385
202
185
260
226
317
308
297
164
136
50°
C
210
600
580
340
305
436
376
561
480
525
262
231
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Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 51
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 55
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 68
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 69
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 70
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 71
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 72
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 73
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 74
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 75
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 76
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 77
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 78
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 79
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 80
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 81
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - 82
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - Cover4
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-1
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-2
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-3
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-4
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-5
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-6
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-7
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-8
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-9
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-10
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-11
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-12
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-13
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-14
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-15
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-16
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-17
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-18
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-19
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-20
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-21
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-22
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-23
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-24
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-25
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-26
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-27
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-28
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-29
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-30
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-31
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-32
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-33
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-34
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-35
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-36
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-37
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-38
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-39
Hydrocarbon Processing - December 2021 - GP-40
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201908
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019_v2
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