Hydrocarbon Processing - February 2022 - 61

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The efficiency of petroleum fractioning column
V. W. Garton and R. L. Huntington, January 1935
Separation of crude oil into its several cuts by means of
fractional distillation is one of the most important processes
used in the petroleum refining industry. This process depends
on four factors:
1. The number of bubble plates
2. The molar ratio of reflux, or overflow to the rising
stream of vapor
3. The approach toward equilibrium conditions between
liquid and vapor of each plate
4. The amount of entrainment or mechanical carrying of
liquid droplets or mist from one plate to another.
This article provides a simple method to determine the fractionation
capacity of any laboratory packed column, a knowledge of
which is essential in the analysis of fractions from commercial
towers and in the calculation of their efficiencies.
The trend in design, construction and operation of
gasoline plants
J. Campbell, March 1935
The author states, " The modern natural gasoline plant is quite
different from the plant of yesterday, but the plant of tomorrow
will be better arranged, even more completely automatic-if
such an expression may be used-and less wasteful, as well as
more efficient and safer. However, we will have the personal element
to contend with as long as human beings must operate and
watch over operations. Each of us who has any responsibility for
the construction and operation of these plants should adopt as
their personal motto and pass on to all those under their supervision
this slogan, 'eternal vigilance is the price of safety'. "
Inspection of oil refinery equipment
F. Newcomb, April 1935
Inspections should not be conducted by those directly responsible
for the production or maintenance of equipment.
Thorough inspections should be conducted by independent
forces, with the freedom to state conditions exactly as found
and to criticize the condition of the equipment without fear of
jeopardizing their positions. This structure can lead to optimal
operation of refining equipment.
Fuel specifications for high-speed Diesel engines
G. C. Wilson, June 1935
The development of the high-speed Diesel engine depends
as much upon proper fuel specifications as upon engine design.
Therefore, refiners and engine builders will find it advantageous
to cooperate in solving fuel problems.
The various items included in specifications are discussed
here. The importance of ignition quality and its effect on engine
operation are emphasized.
Cost of steam and heat in the refinery
W. L. Nelson, April 1936
Steam and heat are the most important items in refining operations
and the proper utilization, conservation and distribution
of steam and heat influences the profit and loss of a facility.
This series of articles focuses on the economics of steam and
heat usage within a refinery.
Instrumentation in oil refining
A. C. Proctor and G. Egloff, June 1936
One of the important developments in the processing of oil
has been in automatic control. This development has brought
about marked economic savings due to producing better and
higher yields of the more valuable products from crude oil.
Natural gas as a chemical raw material
I. N. Beall, July 1936
Natural gas consists of relatively few components, and these
are easily separable in substantially pure form by methods already
established. In most chemical processes, the purity of the
basic raw materials is of considerable importance. In this article,
the author examines processes that could utilize natural gas for
chemicals production.
Salt removal from crude oil-
Chemical and physical methods
E. R. Jones, May 1937
This article discusses the observations made and the results
obtained while trying to find an immediate practical solution for
removing salts from crude oil.
Cathodic protection: Its application in refineries
D. S. Sneigr, July 1938
Cathodic protection of metals has been found worthwhile
in protecting pump shafts. Refinery and other tank farms use it
for protection of large tank bottoms, and its use has extended to
all types of pipelines for carrying oil, natural gas, refinery gas,
water and many others. This article reviews the development
of cathodic protection and describes the various types of equipment
and systems available and in wide usage.
Lower paraffins over activated alumina catalysts
J. Burgin, H. Groll and R. M. Roberts, October 1938
Increasing demands for lower olefins as base materials for
synthetic gasoline and chemical products have led to the investigation
of catalytic dehydrogenation processes for their production
from lower paraffins. This article provides results of
experiments with activated alumina, alone and combined with
chromium oxide, which has proved to be a selective catalyst
for dehydrogenation.
Preparation of blending stock for 100-octane gasoline
L. J. Coulthurst, March 1939
Aviation gasoline having a 100 octane anti-knock rating has
become established as an economic reality within the last 2 yr
and is no longer regarded as a laboratory curiosity. There is no
doubt that commercial planes will be using 100-octane motor
gasoline exclusively in the very near future.
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Hydrocarbon Processing | FEBRUARY 2022 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - February 2022

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