Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 33
Process
Optimization
E. CURCIO, Blend Tiger, New York, New York
Make your gasoline more valuable
with butane blending
Butane blending-blending butane into a finished gasoline
with the goal of increasing the volume-is a well-known
technique that has been used in the gasoline business for many
years. Butane is injected because it is cheap (~$36/bbl) and
due to its positive properties [high Reid vapor pressure (RVP)
and high octane]. Note: Blend component prices herein are
based on January 2022 data.
Due to favorable economics, blending butane and/or naphtha
into commercial pipeline gasoline-i.e., (conventional
gasoline) CG87 or CG93 to downgrade it to CBOB (conventional
before oxygenate blend) regular or CBOB premium-
is being considered.
Alternatively, bio-ethers such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (bioETBE)
or methyl tert-butyl ether (bio-MTBE) can be blended.
With the bio-fuels market anticipated to grow by ~40% in
the next 10 yr, blending bio-oxygenates could prove to increase
profits. Most of these bio-fuels are well used in Europe and Latin
America, so why not invest more in the U.S.?
Case 1. TABLE 1 shows the downgrading of a CG93 to CBOB A4
by injecting butane and naphtha, generating a profit of $0.92/
bbl. In this example, 3.74 vol% of butane is being blended with
naphtha on top of CG93 to produce CBOB A4. All specs are
met with a profit of almost $1/bbl.
Case 2. TABLE 2 shows the downgrading of a CG87 to CBOB
A4 by injecting butane and naphtha, generating a profit of
TABLE 1. Downgrade CG93 to CBOB A4, with a profi t of $0.92/bbl
Recipe
Component
n-Butane
Natural gasoline
Light naphtha
Medium naphtha
Heavy naphtha
MTBE
ETBE
CG87 reg
CG93
Vol%
3.74
42.78
53.48
bbl
3,500
40,000
50,000
Initial
50,000
$3.7/bbl. In this example, 4.56 vol% of butane is being blended
with naphtha (light and medium) on top of CG87 to produce
CBOB A4. All specs are met with a profit of almost $4/bbl.
Both cases show that blending butane is a lucrative business.
Case 3. TABLE 3 shows the downgrading of a CG87 to CBOB
A4 by injecting butane and naphtha, and bio-ETBE, generating
a profit of $ 0.77/bbl. The recipe to make CBOB A4 is shown
in TABLE 3, using butane, naphtha, CG87 and bio-ETBE. All
specs are met with a profit of $0.77/bbl.
How butanization works. Typical butanization levels vary
from 1%-3%. Adding lower RVP naphtha lowers the CG93 RVP,
Checkvalve
Flowmeter
Butane
pump
Perforated line sparger
In-line static mixer
Pipeline
pump
To tank
fill line
Pumpline flowmeter
FIG. 1. Inline butane sparging blending.
Inventory, bbl
Final
100,000
100,000
100,000
50,000
Remaining
96,500
100,000
60,000
Price
$/bbl
50,000
-50,000
50.51
76.38
75.12
75.78
76.44
62.43
91.34
87.03
92.15
Hydrocarbon Processing | APRIL 2022 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022
Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 12
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 14
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 21
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 31
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 33
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 37
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 41
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 87
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 88
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 88A
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 88B
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 89
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - 90
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - Cover4
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-1
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-2
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-3
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-4
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-5
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-6
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-7
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-8
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-9
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-10
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-11
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-12
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-13
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-14
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-15
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-16
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-17
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-18
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-19
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-20
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-21
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-22
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-23
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-24
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-25
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-26
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-27
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-28
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-29
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-30
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-31
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-32
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-33
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-34
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-35
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-36
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-37
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Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-39
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-40
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-41
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-42
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-43
Hydrocarbon Processing - April 2022 - GP-44
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