Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 87

Water Management
T. FAGAN, D. WONG and E. ESTER,
Neptune, Grand Terrace, California
Bringing treatments to a boil
The function of a boiler is simple.
It boils water to produce steam, which,
in turn, provides energy. While this is a
straightforward process, there are complexities
within it that could affect the
boiler's integrity. The primary concern is
the quality of the water.
Even high-quality water contains impurities,
which has the potential to create
problems for the boiler's functionality.
Over time, chemical impurities in the
water could damage a boiler's internals,
leaving solid deposits, such as corrosion,
rust or scale as the steam evaporates.
These accumulated deposits could eventually
thermally insulate the boiler's heat
exchanger surfaces, reducing the boiler's
rate of steam generation and eventually
causing the equipment's metals to fail.
Without proper treatment, corrosion, rust
and scale may eventually lead to thermal
failure, reduced boiler efficiency and a potential
boiler failure.
The boiler is not the only thing that
may be affected by untreated feedwater.
Aside from the boiler's internals, the corresponding
safety equipment and auxiliary
piping may also suffer the effects of
water chemicals and impurities. Addressing
the quality of the feedwater becomes
imperative. Otherwise, the damage to
the boiler and associated equipment may
shorten their longevity and increase capital
expenditures.
That is why a boiler water treatment
plan is highly recommended to keep a
boiler operating at a high and efficient
level. Boiler water treatments neutralize or
remove impurities and chemicals in feedwater
to help ensure proper and effective
functionality, and boiler longevity.
Common challenges. Common water
contaminants are magnesium, calcium,
iron, aluminum and silica, all of which can
be found in hard water and result in hard
FIG. 1. Using chemicals to treat feedwater is only an effective method for handling impurities if
the amounts of chemicals are dispensed properly and accurately. This task can be achieved by
employing the proper metering pump or filter feeder.
Hydrocarbon Processing | MAY 2022 87
deposits when heated. Heated hard water
serves as the primary source of scale in
boilers. Scale buildup can reduce water
flow in pipes and can prevent the efficient
transfer of heat in boilers.
Corrosion stems from dissolved oxygen
and carbon dioxide (CO2
) in water.
These gases attach to the walls of the boiler,
piping and other equipment. Eventually,
these gases may eat away at the metals
within the equipment, causing corrosion,
weakening the system. The weakened
pieces are susceptible to cracks and other
damage that can severely impact the boiler.
Without chemicals. Tackling these common
challenges is best done through boiler
water treatment, of which there are several
options. One option does not require the
use of chemicals. The two approaches under
this method are using filters and softeners
to remove chemicals and preheating
the water ahead of its entry into the boiler.
Sediment filters are designed to remove
suspended solids in water, while water
softeners remove magnesium, calcium
and other impurities that cause hard water,
which can result in scale buildup.
The second approach is preheating the
feedwater before it enters the boiler. This
process helps remove dissolved oxygen
from the water, making it less harsh on
the internals of the boilers and associated
equipment. Preheating the water usually
occurs in a feedwater tank or a deaerator
using supplementary steam.
The chemical approach. Using chemicals
to treat feedwater is an effective
method for handling impurities, yet the
amounts must be dispensed properly and
accurately (FIG. 1). Too much of a chemical
treatment may adversely impact the
quality of the water, which could damage

Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 51
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 55
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 68
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 69
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 70
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 71
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 72
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 73
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 74
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 75
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 76
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 77
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 78
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 79
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 80
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 81
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 82
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 83
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 84
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 85
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 86
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 87
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 88
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 89
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - 90
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - May 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/HPI-Market-Data-2023-v3
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2024-v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/gas-processes-handbook-2022_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/gas-processes-handbook-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hp_202212
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2023-v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hpi-market-data-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/hp_202211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202207_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202206_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202205_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202204_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_032022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2022_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_processes_handbook_2021_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_processes_handbook_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_ebooks
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/catalyst_handbook_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/catalyst_handbook_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/refining_processes_handbook_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/petrochemical_2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hpimarket_2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201802
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201706
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201705
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201704
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201703
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201702
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201701
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2017mediaplanner
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201612
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201611
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201610
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201609
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201608
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201607
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201606
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201605
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201604
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201603
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201602
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201601
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201512
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201511
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201510
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2016mediaplanner
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201509
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201508
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201507
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2015tmsd
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201506
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201505
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201504
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201503
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201502
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201501
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201412
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201411
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2015mediaplanner
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201410
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201409
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201408
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201407
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2014petrochemicalprocesses_v2
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2014petrochemicalprocesses
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201406
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201405
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201404
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201403
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2014calendar
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201402
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201401
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201312
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_2014mediaplanner
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201311
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201309
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201308
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_srsguide2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201306
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201305
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201303
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201302
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201212
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_srsguide2012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201107_srsguide
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_201001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/hp_200901
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com