Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 30

Refining Technology
allows the selection of different crudes
and alternate refinery configurations. It is
also capable of changing the product slate,
such as the gasoline/diesel ratio and petrochemical
feedstocks, alternate disposiParameter
Crude
type
TABLE 1. Model parameters and options
Options
Light sour, medium sour, heavy
Refinery configuration
Naphtha reformer
SMR H2 purification
FCC hydrotreater
Electricity source
Cogeneration
Off-gas
Upstream releases
Medium conversion, deep conversion (coking),
deep conversion (hydrocracking)
Straight run, straight run + heavy
PSA
Post FCC
Coal-fired, NG-fired, low-carbon
Natural gas combined-cycle (NGCC), no cogeneration
LPG
Include, exclude
Parameters
Crude type
Crude API
Crude S%
Refinery configuration
TABLE 2. Refinery energy use and CO2
Units
Case 1
Light
sour
deg API
%
40
0.88
Medium
emissions
Case 2
Medium
sour
28.5
2.4
Medium
conversion conversion
Upstream releases
Electricity source
Cogeneration
Blended gasoline
Jet-A/AVTUR
ULSD
Coke
Residue hydrocracker
Btm
Liquid heavy ends
Sulfur
LPG
Energy use, electricity
Energy use, RFG
Energy use, natural gas
via SMR
via CNR
Energy use, H2
Energy use, H2
Total refinery processes
CO2, electricity
CO2, Process heating
CO2
, H2 SMR
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
wt%
MJ/bbl
MJ/bbl
MJ/bbl
MJ/bbl
MJ/bbl
MJ/bbl
kg CO2
kg CO2
CO2, Steam generation kg CO2
kg CO2
CO2, FCC coke burnofff kg CO2
Total refinery processes kg CO2
/bbl
/bbl
/bbl
/bbl
/bbl
/bbl
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
40.5
22.4
19.8
15.4
0.4
1.4
3.2
99.3
241
67
67.4
503.1
0.5
21.2
1.5
4.6
3
31.7
30
AUGUST 2022 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
28.8
18.6
18,2
32.6
0.8
0.9
2.8
74.8
209.1
83.3
41.4
437.8
0.4
17.9
1.1
5.8
3.1
29.3
tions
of refinery off-gas, alternate sources
of electricity, etc. TABLE 1 presents the parameters
and options used for this article.
Other parameters (e.g., allocation
methods, allocation products, GWP values)
are kept as default. In this model, a
medium-conversion refinery includes
crude/vacuum distillation, naphtha
hydrotreater, isomerization, naphtha
catalytic reformer, diesel/ kerosene hydrotreater,
FCC and gasoil hydrocracker
units. All medium-conversion units are
included in a deep-conversion configuration
with the addition of either a delayed
coking or residue hydrocracking unit.
PRELIM presently does not include configurations
with petrochemical integration
(e.g., multi-feed cracker, aromatics).
The article excludes these integrations
and only discusses fuels refining.
The parameters presented in TABLE 1
were grouped into 11 alternate cases and
run in PRELIM. Selected options cover a
wide range of existing refineries. TABLE 2
summarizes the input parameters and esCase
3
Medium
sour
28.5
2.4
Deep
conversion
(coking)
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
40.1
19
24
9.8
3.1
1.5
2.5
3.6
176.4
225.2
139.4
43.5
626.1
0.6
25
1.2
9.6
4.5
41.8
Case
4
Medium
sour
28.5
2.4
Deep
conversion
(hydrocracking)
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
37.4
18.9
30.4
7.6
2.6
1.6
1.5
3.4
199.3
188.8
311.6
42.1
777.5
0.5
24.2
0.8
21.4
3.8
51.8
Case
5
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(coking)
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
40.6
6.2
25.1
17.5
4.1
3.1
3.4
5.3
258
190.4
221.6
13.5
744.6
0.8
27.9
0.7
15.2
6.6
52.8
Case
6
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(hydrocracking)
Include
NGCC
NGCCCHP
34
6.1
36.5
15.5
2.8
3.4
1.6
5
329
104.2
675.9
12.8
1,165.8
0.8
27.3
-0.7
46.5
4.6
80.2
Case
7
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(coking)
Include
Case 8
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(coking)
Include
No
Case 9
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(hydrocracking)
Include
No
34
6.1
36.5
15.5
4.1
3.1
3.4
26.2
258
152.9
220.2
135
726.9
4
23.9
2.1
15.3
6.6
53.5
4.1
3.1
3.4
26.2
258
152.9
220.2
135
726.9
0.2
23.9
2.1
15
6.6
49.4
2.8
3.4
1.6
33.1
340.2
42.7
671.7
12.8
1,139.6
0.3
21.9
1.1
45.9
4.6
75.5
Case
10
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(hydrocracking)
Exclude
NGCC
Low-carbon Low-carbon NGCC
No
40.6
6.2
25.1
17.5
40.6
6.2
25.1
17.5
34
6.1
36.5
15.5
2.8
3.4
1.6
5
329
104.2
675.9
12.8
1,165.8
26.2
-0.7
39.2
4.6
710
NGCCCHP
Case
11
Heavy
18.3
5.3
Deep
conversion
(hydrocracking)
Include
Coal-fired
No
34
6.1
36.5
15.5
2.8
3.4
1.6
33.1
366.6
42.7
671.7
12.8
1,139.6
10.9
21.9
1.2
47.5
4.6
87.8
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Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022

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