Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 79

Heat Transfer
ference against each other and a resulting
change in temperature distribution.
A further comparison can examine
how spacing between adjacent bays of the
air cooler would impact air flow and heat
dissipation by looking at the differences
between a control group and an experiment
group. Despite the flow vector diagram,
in a control group (FIG. 6A), the air
coming from the outlet of the air cooler
flows upward regularly, and adjacent bays
in the central area have a greater impact
on each other in terms of air flow, as outlet
air is obstructed due to the adjacent bays'
outlet air pressure. When the temperature
plan view of the air inlet is observed, it can
be seen that in the control group (FIG. 2A),
air discharged from the upstream air outlet
is sucked by the downstream fan. Such
hot air recirculation causes the temperature
superposition effect. Coupled with
air obstruction at the air outlet due to
outlet air pressure from adjacent bays,
heat is accumulated.
In contrast, the experimental group
with larger interval lengths between bays
(FIG. 6B) shows a more uniform upward
flow of outlet air from the air cooler, as
well as a lower mutual impact between
bays. The outlet air speed increases, while
hot air recirculation becomes less frequent.
The inlet temperature tends to be
consistent, while the temperature superposition
effect is gentle (FIG. 2B). With
less obstruction at the outlet from the adjacent
bays' outlet air pressures, more heat
can be removed.
Flow field simulation shows that the
impact of spacing between two adjacent
bays on air outlet and heat dissipation
will vary nonlinearly with interval lengths.
Therefore, the optimal air cooler spacing
can be determined through tests and simulations.
The design of air coolers is often
such that bays stand next to each other-
when the angle between the display direction
of the air coolers and the ambient
wind direction sits at 45°, the largest interval
lengths between bays are available.
Echoing conclusions from a previous assessment
on the angle between equipment
setting direction and crosswind direction,
the best angle should indeed be 45°.
Takeaway. The most effective approach
to reduce the impact from hot air recirculation
on air cooler performance is to
avoid placing the air cooler in parallel to
the prevailing wind direction. The author's
company's analysis and simulation
indicate that a larger temperature rise ratio
of the air cooler outlet/inlet occurs at
lower wind speeds rather than at higher
wind speeds. The analysis and simulation
also show that, contrary to the assumption
on the heat dissipation efficiency of air
coolers, increased ambient wind speeds
do not necessarily mean worse heat dissipation
capacities. The efficiency depends
on the overall cumulative effect of the heat
conduction and heat convection.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Research results discussed in this publication come
from industry-academia cooperation between CTCI
Corp. and the National Taiwan University of Science
and Technology.
CHUNG-CHENG CHEN is a Principal
Equipment Engineer in the
Mechanical and Equipment
Engineering Department at CTCI
Corp. He has 15 yr of experience
in the refining and petrochemical
industries, and holds an MEng
degree in mechanical engineering from National
Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
FIG. 4. Temperature rise ratios of air-cooled heat exchanger inlet/outlet in various crosswind
speed scenarios.
FIG. 5. Accumulated heat dissipation rate of air-cooled heat exchanger in various crosswind
speed scenarios.
FIG. 6. A flow vector diagram with various interval lengths between bays: elevation view
(control group) (A); and a low vector diagram with various interval lengths between bays:
elevation view (experimental group) (B).
Hydrocarbon Processing | AUGUST 2022 79

Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022

Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - Cover1
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - Cover2
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - Contents
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 4
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 7
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 10
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 13
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 17
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 21
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 25
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 31
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 34
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 37
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 39
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 47
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 51
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 55
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 61
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 66
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 67
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Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 70
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Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 73
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 74
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Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 78
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 79
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Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - 90
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - Cover3
Hydrocarbon Processing - August 2022 - Cover4
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