Underground Construction - January 2022 - 32

Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology
CIGMAT Report
Th e University of Houston's Center for Innovative Grouting
Materials and Technology (CIGMAT) is an integrated, inter-disciplinary,
university-industry consortium dedicated to research
that fosters understanding of grout, and competing and complementary,
materials and technologies used in constructing and
rehabilitating civil infrastructure.
CIGMAT is directed by C. Vipulanandan ( " Vipu " ), Ph.D., P.E.,
Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Houston, Houston,
Texas, who, since 1984, has been the principal or co-principal investigator
for more than 80 projects, funded by federal, state and
local agencies and industries, totaling more than $13 million.
Technology transfer
Even more signifi cant than the research itself, is CIGMAT's focus on
transferring technology from control studies to actual applications.
Over the past two decades, more than 60 commercial products,
including rapid repair materials, coatings, grouts, liners,
cementitious and polymer composites and pipes, have been
researched and tested, often via unique and innovative testing
facilities and protocols. Th is includes widely adopted models and
methods, and has received recognition from dozens of national,
state and local awards, as well as several patents.
In the spirit of technology transfer, CIGMAT has shared the
research and applications through more than 285 published
papers and almost 200 presentations at national and
international conferences.
COVID-19 Virus Impact
Illustrating the breadth of CIGMAT research, this study investigated the
trends and impact of the COVID-19 virus around the world and in the
United States over 18 months (April 2020 to September 2021), especially
related to Gross Development Product (GDP).
Based on the analysis of data from various sources, CIGMAT reached
the following conclusions:
With more than 800,000 deaths, the United States was the worst
impacted nation.
Confi rmed COVID-19 cases and death rates peaked in January 2021
around the world and in the U.S. The vaccine has reduced the rate of death
in the U.S. since January 2021.
Focusing on CIGMAT's home and initially, the worst-aff ected state, New
York's death rate peaked in April 2020, at 21.1K/m and the Texas death rate
peaked in January 2021, at 9K/m. Texas and New York had the highest cases
per month in January 2021, consistent with the U.S. and world trends.
COVID-19 had a negative impact on the 2020 GDP around the world,
which dropped 3.3 percent in the fi rst three quarters of 2020. In the
U.S, there were GDP losses in 49 states, ranging from 3.6 percent to 8.8
percent. Only Utah showed a gain - of 0.1 percent-in that time period.
While predominantly negative, COVID-19 also had positive impacts
on the economy of the world. In advanced economies, the top positive
impacts were government responsiveness to change, followed by internal
collaboration within companies.
32 JANUARY 2022 | UCONonline.com
At its own conference and exhibition, " Infrastructures, Energy,
Geotechnical, Flooding and Sustainability Issues Related to
Houston and Other Major Cities, " professionals and academia
gather to hear invited speakers from major cities, transportation
authorities and energy industries around the country. Held annually,
the fi rst Friday of March, at the University of Houston Hilton
Hotel, the 2022 (27th event) CIGMAT conference will be March 2.
Vipu has also shares CIGMAT research and applications in
his new book, Smart Cement: Development, Testing, Modeling and
Real-Time Monitoring, published by Taylor and Francis Group
- CRC Press. It covers projects in recent years that have led to
developing highly sensing " smart " materials, integrated with
real-time monitoring and wireless transferring, for infrastructure
construction, maintenance, repairs and detecting leaks.
SMART CEMENT FOR GAS LEAK DETECTION
Several such systems are being developed to monitor the performance
of the cement sheath that is embedded between the well casing
and geological formations to protect pipelines against corrosion
and impact loading, restrict the movement of fl uids between formations,
and isolate the productive and the nonproductive zones.
Oil well cement is used under diff erent conditions of exposures,
compared to the cement used in the conventional construction industry.
Th e strength of oil well cement usually depends on factors
such as time and conditions of curing, environmental conditions,
slurry design and use of additives and any additional treatments.
Real-time monitoring of changes in the cement in-situ is also
critical. Gas leakage occurs due to incorrect cement densities,
poor mud, and fi lter cake removal leaving a route for gas migration,
premature gelation leading to hydrostatic pressure control
and high shrinkage of cement.
Various methods have been suggested to prevent or control
the gas migration in oil cement. One is the use of polymer additives
to modify the hydration and sensing behavior of cement.
In this study, CIGMAT investigated the eff ects of modifying
" smart " cement with styrene butadiene polymer, which promotes
the reaction of calcium aluminate with gypsum, while restraining
the formation of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) gel.
Diff erent manufacturers recommend diff erent percentages
of polymer for controlling fl uid loss and gas migration.
Unfortunately, the conditions in-situ cannot be monitored with
the currently available technologies.
Th erefore, the CIGMAT study was specifi cally designed to:
* Investigate and quantify the changes in the initial and curing
electrical resistivity during the curing time of the SBR polymer
modifi ed smart cement.
* Characterize the piezoresisitive behavior of smart cement
without and with the polymer addition.
* Investigate the control and detection of gas leaks with the SBR
polymer addition at two diff erent curing times.
* Correlate the gas leak rates with changes in electrical resistivity
for the smart cement without and with SBR polymer.
http://www.UCONonline.com

Underground Construction - January 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Underground Construction - January 2022

Contents
Underground Construction - January 2022 - Cover1
Underground Construction - January 2022 - Cover2
Underground Construction - January 2022 - Contents
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 4
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 5
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 6
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 7
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 8
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 9
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 10
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 11
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 12
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 13
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 14
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 15
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 16
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 17
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 18
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 19
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 20
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 21
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 22
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 23
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 24
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 25
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 26
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 27
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 28
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 29
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 30
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 31
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 32
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 33
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 34
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 35
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 36
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 37
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 38
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 39
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 40
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 41
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 42
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 43
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 44
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 45
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 46
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 47
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 48
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 49
Underground Construction - January 2022 - 50
Underground Construction - January 2022 - Cover3
Underground Construction - January 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/underground-construction-december-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/gulfenergyinfo/gulfpub/uc_202211
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202209
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202208
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202206
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202205
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202203
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202202
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202112
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202111
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202109
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202108
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202106
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202105
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202103
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202102
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202012
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uesi_summer2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uesi_winter2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201812
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201811
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201809
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201808
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201806
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201805
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201803
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201802
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201712
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201711
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201710
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_ditchwitch
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201709
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201708
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201707
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/gulfpub/uc_201706
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com