Theatre Design & Technology - Fall 2008 - 59
Medici Wings
The Scenic Wing Change in Renaissance Florence
figure 1. furttenbach's double periaktoi.
by Frank Mohler
Some of the most important productions in the Renaissance theatre took
place in Florence in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
Although the descriptions of the productions often concentrate upon
the spectacular effects, such as gods flying through the sky and devilish
creatures emerging from hell, this was also the period that gave birth to
the changeable illusionistic stage setting. Both the spectacular effects and
changeable setting required the development of theatrical machinery.
The Medici, like other northern Italian nobility, used weddings, baptisms, and the visits of other nobility as an excuse to present the glory of
their rule. Productions of plays with intermezzi between the acts were
one aspect of these festivals. The typical Renaissance play required only
a single setting, in keeping with the neo-classic rules, but the advent of
the intermezzi required the development of techniques to change the setting. The intermezzi, musical and spectacular entr'acte entertainments in
praise of the ruling family, became the most important part of the production. Although the early set changes were accomplished by the simple
addition of wagons, clouds or units emerging from under the stage to
obscure the setting for the play, by the later half of the sixteenth century
the intermezzi productions had grown so spectacular that more complete
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set changes were desired. During this period the Medici had the services
of some of the most innovative artists and architects of the Renaissance:
San Gallo, Vasari, Lanci, Buontalenti, and the Parigis.
Some of these productions were well documented by etchings, drawings, official descriptions, and eyewitness accounts. Although few floor
plans or machinery drawings have survived, the venues for these productions still exist, although not always in their original form: a courtyard
of the Palazzo Medici-Ricardi, the Salon dei Cinquecento of the Palazzo
Vecchio, the Teatro Mediceo in the Palazzo Uffizi, and the courtyard of
the Pitti Palace. The most important of these, the Teatro Mediceo, was
converted into a part of the Uffizi gallery in 1889.
Florentine Productions
The early productions of plays with intermezzi did not require a change
of scenery. Many of the later productions for which we have descriptions
of a scenic change are vague about the specific type of scenery and the
method of scene change, observing only that the scene was changed or
transformed rapidly. The scenic change in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century consisted of machinery to change the side wings, of which
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