The chroma-Q color Block 2 and its LED array and lens. The Robe RoBIN 600 LED Wash and its array of thirty-seven cree XLamp Mc-E LED packages. less carefully) selected in a process known as "binning"- literally, sorting into bins by color and light output. This selection process accounts for a substantial percentage of cost, with higher degrees of selection resulting in increased cost. Lighting a stage production with LED sources will reveal spectacular differences in light quality, compared with our current tungsten-halogen sources, including the fact that color and brightness tend to shift as an LED heats up. Very few currently available LED fixtures have closed-loop monitoring to maintain consistency of color and brightness. One must reckon with a strange duality in that LED color output is strikingly efficient, while white light output (lumens) does not currently match existing fixtures. Nevertheless, improvement in efficiency has been rapid. Today's LEDs produce 95 to120 lumens per watt, which is ten times as much as in 2001, and expectations are for efficiencies of over 250 lumens per watt by 2020. (The US Department of Energy has been pumping several million dollars f a l l 2012 theatre design & technology 21