IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2023 - 110

Security, Trust and Privacy Solutions for Intelligent Internet of Vehicular Things
V2X communication, dedicated short-range communications
(DSRC) and long-term evolution-based
vehicletoeverything(LTE-V2X) aretwo mainstream
V2X communication technologies. The IVN
and V2X communication networks connect with
the back-end cloud server through the backbone
network behind, forming an organic combination of
''people-vehicle-road-cloud.'' The cloud platform
can provide unified data acquisition and intelligent
decision-making services, and connect the whole
vehicle network.
Figure 1. Architecture of the IoV.
construction and maintenance, logistics, and
transportation. In a nutshell, the IoV aims to
improve intelligence levels, automobilism capacity,
and build fresh formats of transportation services.
It will enhance transportation efficiency and
driving experience, and provide users with comfortable,
safe, intelligent, and efficient services.
Networking and intelligence are the future
trends of IoV.1 Single-vehicle intelligence has gradually
changed tomultivehicle intelligent collaboration.
With the collaborative evolution of " smart
vehicles " and " smart roads, " the " terminal-management-cloud "
vehicle networking ecosystem
has become a typical solution for IoV.1 From
the perspective of network architecture, the
" terminal " corresponds to the in-vehicle network
(IVN) communication, and the " management " corresponds
to the vehicle to everything (V2X) wireless
communication. The first two parts together
with the cloud service platform form the three-tier
architecture of the IoV. Figure 1 depicts the threetier
architecture of the IoV.2
In the IVN communication, several buses
(such as CAN, local interconnect network, FlexRay,
media-oriented system transport, and
Ethernet) not only connect various electronic
control units (ECUs) in vehicles, but also connect
various intelligent vehicle sensors and
intelligent terminals to provide various services.
For traditional fuel-based automobiles,
the CAN is currently the most mature IVN communication
protocol. V2X is mainly composed
of vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside, vehicleto-pedestrian,
and vehicle-to-infrastructure.3 In
110
SECURITY THREATS IN IOV
Since the IoV is designed for V2X networks,
there is usually no reliable infrastructure to support.3,4
The lack of centralized supervision and the
essential characteristics ofmobile adhoc networks
to disseminate and share information has resulted
in a remarkable increase in security risks.
Meanwhile, the complexity of intelligent connected
vehicle systems and the increase in external
interfaces5 make the vehicle network more
vulnerable to cyberattacks. At present, the security
threats involved in IoV mainly include the
following: 1) vehicle security threat, 2) security
threat for the IoV communication, 3) security
threat for the IoV cloud platform, and 4) security
threat for the IoVmobile smart terminals.
Researchers have simulated many attack scenarios
in the past to explore potential vulnerabilities
in IoV. Summarizing previous studies,3-5
this article mainly discusses potential network
attacks derived from the above mentioned security
threats. Table 1 shows the types of attacks
and their descriptions.
INTRUSION DETECTION FOR IOV
In recent years, reactive systems such as intrusion
detection systems (IDSs) have been widely
studiedand practiced as complementary solutions
to active security countermeasures (such as
access control and encryption algorithms).6 Due
to the complexity of the IoV network topology,
constraints of computing and storage resources,
time sensitivity, high connectivity, and other characteristics,
the traditional IDSs are not applicable
in the face of various network attacks in the IoV
field. Thus, the current intrusion detection
research for IoV is in full swing.
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2023

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