IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2023 - 54

Edge Computing & IoDT
Figure 3. Space-time diagram for the pub-sub
message transfer for dew and edge node.
The message transfer sequence is described in
Figure 2. Layered ecosystem of DewDrone.
are considered vehicular nodes that collect
essential ambient parameters. In this case, the
raw data has to be managed locally by the IoDT
nodes. These nodes are known as dew nodes. In
this situation, the dew layer buffers the raw
data. The edge nodes are UAV sets that comprise
low buffering but high-processing capability
than dew nodes.
The significant advantage of such an ecosystem
is the unavailability of the backhaul network
does not affect the processing delay because
they use an optimized algorithm to operate in a
low resource environment and UAV cloud.10,11
The third layer is the communication network,
consisting of an ultra-low latency backbone.
Figure 2 represents the complete ecosystem.
The dotted arrow represents MQTT message
transfer for Quality of Service 1 (QoS1). Solid
thin arrow on the other represents QoS2 message
transfer. A thick blue arrow implies the
detail component of the Dew Drone.
Figure 3 depicts the message transfer
sequence between sensor nodes to the dew node
through the dew broker. In this case, the gateway
publishes the received message as a publisher
node from the gateway. The dew broker controls
the connection request and acknowledgment
and publishes the request and acknowledgment.
On the other hand, the subscriber node performs
the message transfer with QoS 2. We have
deployed the MQTT broker inside the node. The
message transfer between the edge and dew
nodes occurs in the second layer. Also, we
deploy another MQTT broker in the edge layer.
three parts: the sensor to the gateway, dewnodes,
and finally, the dewnodes to the edge node.
Message Routing Formulation
Dew node in the IoDT structure with an unreliable
and intermittently connected network12
mainly suffers from routing and mobility challenges.
We adopted a probabilistic message
transfer mechanism in such a scenario that keeps
tracking the encounter probability of the nodes.
Let " m " be a message instance; then we can
consider m as three tuple instances as
m ¼ tm;Cm;Xpm
:
Tm is the initial token value which is nothing
but a timer, Cm is, the message count, and the
Xpm is the message exchange probability.
We can present the encounter of the n number
of dew node (Ed)as
Ed ¼
Xn
i¼1
tr þVm
ðÞi þ t
(1)
tr is the recent encounter time, V(m)i is the ith is
the message vector transferred during transmission,
and t is the execution time. Upon encounter
of the message, the timestamp of the token gets
compared with the following method:
tm nðÞi ¼
Here, tr tmði 1Þ can also be formulated as
EXd nðÞ
i ¼ 1
the ratio between the distance between the ith
and (i 1Þth node. Therefore, we can rewrite the
following expression:
tm nðÞi ¼
Xn
i ¼ 1
di; i 1ðÞ
ðÞ
1 þ vi
ðÞ
vi
:
(3)
(2)
tr tm i 1ðÞþ di; i 1ðÞ:
54
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IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - January/February 2023

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