IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2023 - 121

meet the networking requirements and communication
requirements of wireless sensor networks,
ZigBee can well promote the progress of wireless
sensor network technology and should be studied
in depth.
Compared to the service focus of previous
mobile networks, which sought higher wireless
communication rates to support multimedia
services, 5G will need to handle a wide range of
application scenarios and enable better communication,
computing, and control capabilities to
support the fast-growing Internet of Things and
mobile Internet by supporting large connections,
low-power, wide-area coverage, and extremely
high access rates with very low latency. In short,
5G provides a good network foundation and
technical support for IoT applications. The IoT
is also penetrating a broader range of industries
by extending person-to-person to person-tothing
or thing-to-thing communications.
5G IoT Uplink Communication Service
Characteristics One of the typical application
scenarios of 5G is massive machine-type communication
(MMTC; large-scale Internet of Things).
The network architecture and access technology
need to be designed based on the service characteristics
they are to carry. Therefore, the following
three main differences in communication
service characteristics are listed.
1) 5G IoT uplink access is relative to the H2H network
of 1G-4G. From the perspective of traffic
direction, in the past, cellular networks focused
on optimizing and improving the performance
of the downlink direction of the network.
2) From thesizeofthe data packet sent in asingle
transmission, the H2H data packet is usually
larger, and the MMTCmountain is mainly used
for the measurement report of the short message
in many applications, and generally
presents a packet form, that is, the 5G Internet
of Things uplink mainly focuses on the packet.
Transmission; in terms of connectivity, it is necessary
to strengthen the performance of the
communication system in terms of resource
utilization efficiency, coverage, signal transmission
quality, andmultimedia applications.
3) In terms of mobility, since most IoT devices
do not need long-term mobility, H2H support
March/April 2023
TABLE 1. Comparison of MTC communication and H2H communication
service features.
MTC
Transmission
direction
Single data
size
Delay
requirement
Mobility
Most of the scenes
above the main
behavior
Small amount of data
transmitted by a single
MTC device
Different IoT devices
have different delay
requirements and
diverse needs.
Most do not require
mobile
H2H
Both up and down, the
following behaviors
are the main
Usually transmit
multimedia services
with a large amount of
data
Most have delay
sensitivity
High mobility
requirements
for mobility is much higher than MTC; from
the perspective of lifetime and energy efficiency,
H2H devices generally do not need to
specifically consider charging issues. Once
deployed, MTC devices may have to run continuously
for a longer period of time, thus
requiring a low-energy, energy-efficient uplink
access mechanism. The differences between
the two communication types are summarized
in Table 1. Reasonable and effective design to
adapt to the communication needs of traditional
people and people.
Key Issues of IoT Uplink Access According
to the data in the 2016 Ericsson Action Trends
Report, it is estimated that there will be 28 billion
connected devices worldwide by 2021, and
more than half of them will be about 15 billion
for IoT devices, and more than two-thirds for IoT
devices. Uplink access is a low-speed, low-cost,
and low-power area, so the MMTC market is in
great demand. For the low-power large-scale
uplink access scenario of the Internet of Things,
it is necessary to solve the problems of large
connection density, low terminal power consumption,
and deep coverage. Specifically, when
it comes to the diversified massive access scenarios
for the 5G IoT uplink communication, the
following key issues exist:
1) Due to the large number and type of IoT devices
that need to be supported, the resource
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