IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2023 - 88

Special Section on Security, Trust and Services for AI-Empowered Sensing in the Next Generation IoT
Algorithm 1. Registration of users ðRegisterðÞÞ
Input: User details
Output: Share generated key pair with the user
1. if ðUser ¼¼ HealthcarecenterÞ
2. HealthcarecenterðUname; AddressÞ!
request
3. MA! Blockchainnetwork
request
4. BlockchainnetworkðProcessrequestÞ!
GenerateðPKh;SKhÞ
5. ShareðPKh;SKhÞ! Healthcarecenter
6. else
7. UserðUname; AddressÞ!
8. MA! Blockchainnetwork
requst
request
9. BlockchainnetworkðProcessrequestÞ!
GenerateðPKu;SKuÞ
10. ShareðPKu;SKuÞ! User
MA
MA
Algorithm 3 shows the processes of storage
of a medical certificate on the proposed architecture.
Here, at first, the user digitally signs the
obtained certificate using the private key. Then,
the user utilizes the MA interface to store the
encrypted certificate on the decentralized storage
system via the blockchain network. In
response, the blockchain stores the medical certificate
on the IPFS storage system. After the successful
storage of the certificate, IPFS returns
the unique ID. The blockchain network shares
this unique ID with the user. The user can utilize
the shared ID to access the medical certificate at
any time.
Algorithm 2. Block generation ðGenerateblockðÞÞ
Input: User details
Output: Return transaction ID of the generated
block
1. User!
request
2. Healthcarecenter!
verify
Healthcarecenter
User
3. Healthcarecenter! Medicalcertificate
share
generate
4. Certificatehash HashðMedicalcertificateÞ
5. Healthcarecenter!
6. Blockchainnetwork!
combine
CertificatehashÞ
UserðMedicalcertificate;
CKðPKh;PKuÞ
7. Blockchainnetwork !MapðMedicalcertificate;
CK; CertificatehashÞ
8. Blockchainnetwork ! GenerateblockðMapÞ
9. Return TransID
Algorithm 2 shows the step-by-step processes
to generate medical certificates for the
user by using the blockchain functionality.
At first, the user sends a request to the healthcare
center with the mentioned details. Then,
the healthcare center verifies the user's details.
When verifying the request, the healthcare center
generates a medical certificate and calculates
the unique hash of the generated certificate
using the SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Next, the
healthcare center shares the generated certificate
and its hash value with the user. The blockchain
network combines the public keys of the
user with the healthcare center to obtain a combined
key. Then, the proposed network maps
the certificate's details with the combined key
and certificate's hash value to generate a block
for the blockchain network. Finally, the generated
block is added to the blockchain network
and returns the ID of the transaction.
88
Algorithm 3. Issue certificate (Issue
CertificateðÞ)
Input: User details
Output: Hash of the certificate
1. User ! DigitallysignðMedicalcertificate;SKuÞ
2. StoreðMedicalcertificateÞ! MA
3. MA!
request
Blockchainnetwork
4. Blockchainnetwork!
store
5. IPFS!
return
hash
6. ShareðhashÞ! User
Algorithm 4. Verify certificate (Verify
CertificateðÞ)
Input: Certificate details
Output: Integrity verification (Yes/No)
1. UserðCertificatehashÞ!
2. MA!Storehash
integrity check
fetch
3. if ðCertificatehash ¼¼ StorehashÞ
4.
Integrity maintained
5. else
6.
Integrity verification failed
Algorithm 4 shows the verification process
to check the integrity of the stored medical
certificates on the blockchain network. The
user executes the verification process to
check the integrity of the medical certificate
using the hash value shared by the healthcare
center during the certificate generation process.
The user sends a verification request to
the MA with the certificate's hash value. The
MA fetches the mapping details of the certificate
using the hash value and obtains the
stored hash value from the blockchain network.
Then, the MA verifies the integrity of
the certificate by comparing the stored hash
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine
MA
IPFSðMedicalcertificateÞ

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine - March/April 2023