IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2021 - 35

Multispectral N-Status Detection
and Phenotyping
The nutrition status of a crop is linked to yield formation
and the environmental footprint of agronomy. Well-fertilized
crops produce optimal yield and quality and are more
stress resilient. Fertilizer deficiency hampers yield, whereas
a surplus supply increases the risk of nutrient loss to the
environment and increases susceptibility to pests and diseases.
N plays a prominent role in the management of
most crops because of crops' generally high demand for N
and its very high mobility in soil. Al though sugar beet N
demand is relatively low, its yield and quality are strongly
dependent on N management: too low an N application
limits the tuber yield, while a high N application reduces
the extractable sugar content in the tuber [20].
Therefore, it is important to apply N fertilizer at the
right time, rate, and place. These decisions can be supported
by optical remote sensing tools that make use of visible
or nonvisible parts of the spectral reflection of crops, as
employed for N-status detection in the Flourish project
Leaf Modeling
Basic Leaf
Kinematic Model
Real Leaf
RGB Texture
Textured Leaf
Model
Random
Bending
Leaf
Instances
Layer 1
Plant Modeling
Layer 2
Random
Sampling
of Leaves,
Angles,
and so on
Plant Instances
Field Modeling and Synthetic Data Set Generation
Synthetic-Soil
RGB Textures
Random Sampling
of Plants, Weeds,
Soils, Rocks, and
Lights ... and
Scene Rendering
Segmentation Network Training With Synthetic Data Set
Upsample Indices
Input
Output
Images of the Field Seen From a Virtual
Camera With Crop/Weeds Masks
RGB Image
Segmentation
Conv + Relu + Norm
Upsampling
Softmax
Downsampling
Figure 6. An overview of the automatic, model-based data set generation procedure. Conv: convolution; Relu: rectified linear unit;
Norm: batch normalization.
SEPTEMBER 2021 * IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE *
35

IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine - September 2021

Contents
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