IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - January 2020 - 51

future research into the HMD IVR METS should pay
more attention to it.
To further verify the results, we conducted a questionnaire evaluation of 100 students without using the two
training systems. The results were basically consistent
with the previous ones.

[3] Z. J. S. X. Gan Huibing, "Application research of LNG carrier engine room simulator in maritime education and training," in Proc. 1st DMU Int. Conf. Maritime
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Conclusion
In this article, we classified the VR METS into two categories according to the difference between the input and
output devices: the VR METS and HMD IVT METS. We
developed an HMD IVR METS based on HTC Vive Pro
hardware. Compared with the desktop VR METS, users
received full immersion in the HMD IVT METS and were
able to operate the machines as though they were in a
real marine ER. Thirty marine-engineering students
were selected to test the system, and the results showed
that the HMD IVR METS had more advantages than the
desktop VR METS. Sur veying another 100 students
without using the two training systems produced a similar outcome.

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About the Authors
Yanghui Tan (tyanghui@163.com) earned his B.S. and M.S.
degrees in marine engineering from Dalian Maritime University, China, in 2013 and 2016, respectively. He is pursuing his
D.S. degree in marine engineering from Dalian Maritime
University. His research interests include marine engineroom simulators and virtual reality.
Chunyang Niu (niuchunyangyx@163.com) is pursuing
his M.S. degree in marine engineering from Dalian Maritime
University, China. His research interests include marine
engine-room simulators and virtual reality.
Jundong Zhang (zhjundongpaper@163.com)
earned his B.S., M.S., and D.S. degrees in marine engineering from Dalian Maritime University, China, in 1989,
1992, and 1998, respectively. He is a full professor at
Dalian Maritime University. His research interests
include marine-engineering automation and control,
integrated supervision, the application of computers and
networks, marine-engineering education, and electricalsystem design.

[11] Z. Liang, K. Zhou, and K. Gao, "Development of virtual reality serious game for
underground rock-related hazards safety training," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 118,639-
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