IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2020 - 25
performed eye movement. For example, for the up and
down directions, the horizontal EOG channels do not present changes, while the vertical EOG channels have opposite signs in those conditions. Similarly, a waveform sign
change is observed in horizontal EOG channels for the left
and right directions. In general, the acquired EOG waveforms follow the patterns reported in the literature [37],
thus validating the EOG modalities.
Validation of the EMG Signals
Facial EMG signals can be used to detect different facial
expressions. Although camera-based systems have often
been used for this purpose, this becomes impossible when
an HMD is blocking the face. Facial expressions can not
only provide information about different mental states but
also be used to control remote avatars in embodied virtual
applications. For this validation scenario, signals from the
seven face-piece electrodes were used. Users were presented with one of four cues indicating which facial
expression to perform: neutral, angry, surprised, and
happy. In this experiment, each expression was repeated
12 times over 5 min. For this analysis, the seven electrodes
were re-referenced to Fpz and grouped into three categories: vertical (V EOG left and right), horizontal (H EOG left
V EOG Right
Blink
H EOG Right
H EOG Left
V EOG Left
100 µV
Fp2
Fpz
Fp1
2s
(a)
100 µV
100 µV
100 µV
Stimulus Onset
0.3 s
Stimulus Onset
Stimulus Onset
1.7 s
0.3 s
Up-Left
1.7 s
Up
0.3 s
1.7 s
Up-Right
Left
Right
100 µV
100 µV
Stimulus Onset
0.3 s
1.7 s
Stimulus Onset
Down-Left
100 µV
Down
Down-Right
100 µV
Stimulus Onset
1.7 s
1.7 s
100 µV
Stimulus Onset
0.3 s
0.3 s
0.3 s
1.7 s
Stimulus Onset
0.3 s
1.7 s
(b)
Figure 7. The average response for each electrode in the face piece of the HMD for (a) blinks and (b) saccades
in different directions.
Ju ly 2020
IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE
25
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - July 2020
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