IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 27

[2]. Out of the total geographical
area of 329 million hectares (mha),
it is seen that approximately 40
mha are flood prone. In the last 10
years, it is estimated that annual
flood damage cost was roughly
4,745 crore rupees as compared to
1,805 crore rupees, which is an
annual average of the previous 53
years. On average every year,
approximately 75 mha of Indian
land are affected, whereas 1,600
human lives are lost due to floods.
This not only damages crops,
houses, and public utilities but also
brings panic to every human being
affected by it. In the past few
years, the frequency of major
floods has increased by more than
twice. It is therefore important to
have a flood-prediction system in
India that can provide an early
noted that Andhra Pradesh achieves the highest accuracy
of 97.91%, whereas Orissa achieves an accuracy of 92.36%,
lowest among the eight coastal states.
Introduction
Floods are one of the most common types of natural calamities
and occur when water overflows and submerges the
land, which is typically waterless [1], [2], [6]. They are
habitually triggered by swift snowmelt, or by storm surges
from a heavy rainfall, a tropical cyclone, or a tsunami in the
coastline. Second to China, India
has the most recorded floods every
year, an average of 17, and more
than 345 million of its population
has been impacted by them in the
past 20 years. Heavy rainfall has
always contributed to floods,
known as flash floods. India is highly
vulnerable to floods. Being a peninsular
country encircled by the
Arabian Sea in the southwest, the
Indian Ocean in the south, and the
Bay of Bengal in the southeast, India
is especially inclined to flooding.
According to the Geological Survey
of India, the majority of the floodinclined
areas of India covers practically
a 12.5% region of the country
warning to all people residing in impacted areas so that they
evacuate as soon as possible [3], [4].
Being a peninsular
country encircled
by the Arabian Sea
in the southwest, the
Indian Ocean in the
south, and the Bay
of Bengal in the
southeast, India is
especially inclined
to flooding.
Literature Review
Kunverji et al. [5] aimed at building an operative, flood-decisive
prototype. The authors used three supervised ML techniques:
DTs, RFs, and gradient boost algorithms for
developing a forecast model. The data set used in their work
was derived from the Indian Water Portal for Bihar and
Orissa. It was observed that DTs performed best out of all
the algorithms used, with a 94.4%
accuracy. The ML algorithms [6]
used for predicting floods have
employed temperature and rainfallintensity
parameters. Deep learning
models were compared to the
supervised learning methods, namely,
KNNs, naive Bayes, and SVMs.
Thus, a recent data set is required
to achieve better accuracy. The data
set used in this research paper was
derived from India Water Portal. It
was observed that deep neural networks
outperformed the other algorithms,
achieving 91.18% accuracy.
The analysts intended to take
advantage of information accessible
from the Geographical Information
October 2022 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 27
©SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/MTD_MYTRAVELDIARIES
http://www.SHUTTERSTOCK.COM/MTD_MYTRAVELDIARIES

IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022

Contents
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - Contents
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 2
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 3
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 4
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 5
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 6
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 7
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 8
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 9
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 10
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 11
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 12
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 13
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 14
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 15
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 16
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 17
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 18
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 19
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 20
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 21
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 22
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 23
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 24
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 25
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 26
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 27
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 28
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 29
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 30
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 31
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 32
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 33
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 34
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 35
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 36
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 37
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 38
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 39
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 40
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 41
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 42
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 43
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 44
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 45
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 46
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 47
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 48
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 49
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 50
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 51
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 52
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 53
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 54
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 55
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 56
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 57
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0716
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0715
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0115
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com