IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022 - 41

store the data collected either via the use of IoT sensors
or manually by farmers. The addresses of the data are
kept in the blockchain.
Step 2: Transportation of Harvested Crops
to Food-Processing Businesses
Once the crops are harvested, the food-processing firms
begin bidding on the products using an online auction platform.
The crops may be carried to the refineries using IoTenabled
vehicles, which can monitor and record the
temperature conditions under which they are stored and
supplied throughout the process. A bid is approved by
smart contracts, and then the crops are processed, with
the information gathered at each stage of the process
being stored in real time on the blockchain by the firms.
The information acquired from the refineries may assist
wholesalers and retailers in determining whether or not
the food being provided is of high quality or not. Data
stored on the blockchain may also be used to determine
whether or not compliance has been satisfied at each stage
of the food supply chain.
Step 3: Processed Foods Are Distributed
to Wholesalers and Retailers
Following the processing of the food items or crops,
wholesalers and retailers may place bids on the goods
they want using the bidding platform. Similar to how
crops are transported to refineries, food products are likewise
delivered to wholesalers and merchants with the use
of IoT-enabled trucks. In addition to providing traceability,
the blockchain supply chain assists food firms in conducting
product recalls or investigations in a timely and
seamless manner.
Step 4: Consumers Can Track the Supply Chain
From Start to Finish
Due to the fact that information about food products is digitally
connected to them inside the blockchain, customers
may investigate anything by tracing the supply chain back
to the farm, including farm origination facts, transit
details, batch numbers, processing of foodstuffs, factory
data, expiration information, and storage temperature.
The blockchain-based food supply chain may assist various
stakeholders in gaining access to information on the
quality of the food at each step of the process. The use of
blockchain technology will make it simpler to determine
when and how food has been tainted since it will increase
openness across the food supply chain ecosystem.
Proposed New Model to Control the Weather
Crisis Using the IoT and Blockchain
Farmers are often confronted with huge surges in production
and uncertain price increases as a result of unpredictable
weather and a lack of oversight in the food chain
system. By contrast, customers do not comprehend why
crops were subjected to adverse weather conditions and
October 2022 IEEE SYSTEMS, MAN, & CYBERNETICS MAGAZINE 41
IoT Gateway
Different Types of Crop Growth Information
Network
Gateway
Base Station
IoT Nodes
Farmer
Air
Temperature
Soil
Temperature
Figure 3. A proposed architecture to control the weather crisis using the IoT and blockchain. CIF: cost, insurance, and freight; DCT: digital control technology.
Wireless Router
Database

IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Magazine - October 2022

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