Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 14

that was when Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the
moon. And the rest, as they say, is history.
At the end of the day, I don't think it's very important to
categorize the meaning of this term anyway. The term
itself has become a monster hit even if it doesn't suit your
taste. And after all, what I say or think CI means is nothing
more than my opinion. But I'm happy to have one, because
as (I recall), Herb Caen said many years ago in the San
Francisco Chronicle, "any clod can have the facts-
having an opinion is an art" [35]. So, now you have mine,
and the fat lady can sing.

[10] N. Cercone. (2012). Personal e-mail to author about the International Journal of

About the Author
James C. Bezdek (jcbezdek@gmail.com) earned his
B.S.C.E. degree in civil engineering from the University of
Nevada, Reno, in 1969 and his Ph.D. degree in applied
mathematics from Cornell University in 1973. He is a past
president of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, the International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA), and the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society [(CIS) when it was the Neural Networks Council]; the
founding editor of the International Journal of Approximate Reasoning and IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems; a Life Fellow of the IEEE and IFSA; and a recipient of
the IEEE Third Millennium medal, the IEEE CIS Fuzzy Systems Pioneer Award, the IEEE CIS Rosenblatt Award, and
the Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty Kampé de Fériet Award. He is also with the Department
of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. His interests include
woodworking, optimization, grandchildren (14), clustering
in big data, cigars, cluster validity, fishing, feature analysis,
blues music, poker, and visual clustering. Retired in 2007,
he will be coming to a university near you soon.

seus Publishing, 1999, p. 28.

Computational Intelligence. [Online].
[11] G. McCalla. (2012). Personal e-mail to author about the International Journal of
Computational Intelligence. [Online].
[12] P. Cheeseman, "An inquiry into computer understanding," Comput. Intell., vol. 4,
no. 2, pp. 57-142, 1988.
[13] J. C. Bezdek, "What is computational intelligence?" in Computational Intelligence: Imitating Life, J. M. Zurada, R. J. Marks, and C. J. Robinson, Eds. Piscataway,
NJ: IEEE Press, 1994, pp. 1-12.
[14] B. Kedmey, "Brain builder: Creating the world's smartest artificial mind," Time,
20 Oct. 2014, p. B2.
[15] R. Feynman, The Pleasure of Finding Things Out, J. Robbins, Ed. New York: Per[16] R. Marks, "Intelligence: Computational versus artificial," IEEE Trans. Neural
Netw., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 737-739, 1993.
[17] R. Eberhart, "Computational intelligence: A snapshot," in Computational Intelligence: A Dynamic System Perspective, M. Palaniswami, Y. Attikiouzel,
R. J. Marks, D. Fogel, and T. Fukuda, Eds. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1995,
pp. 9-15.
[18] R. Eberhart, R. W. Dobbins, and P. K. Simpson, Computational Intelligence PC
Tools. New York: Academic, 1996.
[19] D. Fogel, "Review of the book Computational Intelligence: Imitating Life,"
IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1562-1565, 1995.
[20] J. C. Bezdek, "Computational intelligence defined-by everyone!" in Computational Intelligence: Soft Computing and Fuzzy-Neuro Integration with Applications,
O. Kaynak, L. A. Zadeh, B. Turksen, and I. J. Rudas, Eds. (NATO ASI series F, v. 162).
New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 10-37.
[21] N. K. Joost, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), vol. 4, Artificial
Intelligence. Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Oxford, UK: Eolss Publishers, 2009.
[22] B. C. Craenen and A. E. Eiben, "Computational intelligence," in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), vol. 4, Artificial Intelligence, N.
K. Joost, Ed. Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Oxford, UK: Eolss
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[23] H. Ishibuchi, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), vol. 3, Computa-

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14

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016
