Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 27
levels for enterprises due to an exponential growth in
the data storage.
2) High velocity means that not only the speed of data collection but also the speed of analyzing and utilizing data are fast.
Big data is often available in real time and is batch oriented.
3) Much variety is also called multimodality of big data, which
means that the types of data can be very complex. For
example, consider big data in the clinical and health applications whose features include numerical data, symbolic data,
text, image, video, and time series, among others.
4) Low veracity corresponds to the changed uncertainty
and the large-scale missing values of big data. Sometimes, along with the growing size of datasets, the uncertainty of data itself often changes sharply, which
definitely makes the traditional processing tools
unavailable. Except for the changed uncertainty of data
itself, the uncertainty in data modeling and data processing are also changing very notably.
5) High value is to say that the value hidden in big data can
help users obtain "big" results. Mining the value of big
data will reveal insights that can lead enterprises to
obtain huge economic benefits.
This article will focus on the fourth V, the veracity, to
demonstrate the essential impact of modeling uncertainty
on learning performance improvement.
© ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/TUNGSTENBLUE
Challenge of Big Data Analytics
The big data application chain generally includes four
phases: data generation, data management, data analytics,
and data application. Big data analytics, which is considered the most important phase in the whole chain, refers
to the process of discovering patterns from data. In this
phase, there are six main challenges (shown in Figure 1),
making big data analytics much more difficult and complicated than normal-sized data analytics.
◆ Complex data representation. How to uniformly represent various types of features is a great challenge for
big data with multimodality [3]. We need to process
the data in a uniform framework. The uniform/structured representation of data is the first step of data
Ap ri l 2016
IEEE SyStEmS, man, & CybErnEtICS magazInE
27
http://www.ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/TUNGSTENBLUE
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - Cover1
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - Cover2
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 1
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 2
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 3
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 4
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 5
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 6
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 7
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 8
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 9
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 10
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 11
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 12
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 13
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 14
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 15
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 16
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 17
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 18
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 19
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 20
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 21
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 22
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 23
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 24
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 25
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 26
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 27
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 28
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 29
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 30
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 31
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 32
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 33
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 34
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 35
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 36
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 37
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 38
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 39
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 40
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 41
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 42
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 43
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 44
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 45
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 46
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 47
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 48
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 49
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 50
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 51
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 52
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 53
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 54
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 55
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - 56
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - Cover3
Systems, Man & Cybernetics - April 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202310
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202307
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202304
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202301
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202210
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202207
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202204
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202201
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202110
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202107
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202104
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202101
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_202001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201810
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201807
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201804
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/smc_201801
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0717
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0117
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0716
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0116
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_1015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0715
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/systems_man_cybernetics_0115
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com