IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2015 - 44
Securing
the exocortex
A Twenty-First Century
Cybernetics Challenge
Tamara Bonaci, Jeffrey Herron,
Charles Matlack, and
Howard Jay Chizeck
A
BACKGROUND: IMAGE LICENSED BY GRAPHIC STOCK
n exocortex is a wearable (or implanted) computer used to
augment a brain's biological high-level cognitive processes
and inform a user's decisions and actions. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a special type of exocortex used
to interact with the environment via neural signals.
Uses for BCI range from medical applications and
rehabilitation to operation of assistive devices. They
can also be used for marketing, gaming, and for entertainment, where
BCIs are used to provide users with a more personalized experience.
BCI-enabled technology carries great potential to improve and enhance
the quality of human lives. This technology, however, is not without risk.
Here we address a specific class of privacy issues, brain spyware, shown to
be feasible against currently available non-invasive BCIs. To help us understand the severity of potential privacy threats when BCIs are being used,
and to inform development of possible prevention strategies, we turn to
Value Sensitive Design, a systematic approach to accounting for human values in technology design. Influenced by Value Sensitive Design (VSD) and
by Norbert Wiener's computer ethics work, we propose a set of principles
regarding appropriate use of exocortex.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MTS.2015.2461152
Date of publication: 16 September 2015
44
1932-4529/15©2015IEEE
Identify and Address Privacy and Security Challenges Now
The term exocortex stems from computer science and evolutionary
psychology, but it has been popularized by science-fiction writers. Even
though the term itself was coined in 2004 by science fiction author
Charles Stross [38], the first fictional devices fitting the definition of
exocortex were introduced in 1984, by William Gibson [25] and Vernor
Vinge [40].
IEEE TEchnology and SocIETy MagazInE
∕
september 2015
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