IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 71
september 2016
∕
Universality
Distinctiveness
Permanence
Collectability
Performance
Acceptability
Table 1. adapted Comparison of biometric Types.
DNA
h
h
h
L
h
L
FACE
h
L
M
h
L
h
FINGERPRINT
M
h
h
M
h
M
GAIT
M
L
L
h
L
h
HAND VEIN
M
M
M
M
M
M
IRIS
h
h
h
M
h
L
KEYSTROKE
L
L
L
M
L
M
RETINA
h
h
M
L
h
L
SIGNATURE
L
L
L
h
L
h
VOICE
M
L
L
M
L
h
Biometric
Identifier
Number of Highs
4
Number of Highs
4
3
3
3
2
2
ce
Vo
i
ai
t
gn
at
ur
e
Si
G
Fa
ce
Fi
ng
er
pr
in
t
R
et
in
a
IS
IR
N
A
1
D
Distinctiveness: can people be identified from the
biometric.
■ Performance: does the biometric perform well in
terms of speed and accuracy.
■ Circumvention: can a substitute biometric in the sys-
tem be easily used instead.
Table 1 shows a comparison of some types of bio-
metrics according to [23]. For example, the face biomet-
ric has a score of high (H) for universality, low (L) for
distinctiveness, and medium (M) for permanence.
Using Table 1, the properties and biometric types
rated as high can be quickly identified. Universality
has a high rating for DNA, face, iris, and retina, and
these biometrics are present in children. DNA would
be heavily intrusive if one had to draw blood for a bio-
metric reading. Parents would see it as an invasion of
privacy if the DNA of their children was extracted with-
out their consent. Distinctiveness has a high rating for
DNA, fingerprint, iris, and retina, implying these bio-
metrics can be used to uniquely identify a child. How-
ever, DNA as a biometric would not be useful for
identical twins as they share the same DNA. Perma-
nence has a high rating for DNA, fingerprint, and iris.
These biometrics would be useful for children
because a high rating of permanence implies that it
may be suitable for all ages. Collectability has a high
rating for face, gait, and signature. Face biometrics
can be obtained easily by using a simple phone cam-
era. There are many applications that are used to iden-
tify street children by means of photographs.
Performance has a high rating for DNA, fingerprint,
iris, and retina. Depending on the speed requirements
for a particular application, these biometrics can be
chosen above other biometrics. Acceptability has a
high rating for face, gait, signature and voice. Children
change their style of walking as they grow and they do
not develop their own signature until they are older.
Their voice also changes over time.
Figure 1 shows a ranking of biometrics that had a
high rating in any of the properties. For example, DNA
and iris both had four high ratings. Signature had a high
rating only for collectability and acceptability.
Having already rejected the DNA biometric, one can
also reject the iris as a biometric for children as it is
low in acceptability [32]. Three biometrics remain that
have three high ratings namely face, fingerprint, and
retina. Fingerprint has a medium rating for universality
and difficulties in collecting usable fingerprints from
young children and babies have already been noted.
Retina is rated higher than face biometrics for distinc-
tiveness, but is equal in rating for permanence and
universality. The suggestion is that face is the better
biometric for children because it is rated high in
acceptability and collectability.
■
Figure 1. High rated biometrics according to properties.
Face Biometric Favored for Children
This article has considered a number of different bio-
metrics in terms of properties that describe them. It
was seen that certain biometrics are more favorable
for use with children than others. Due to the high value
placed on universality, collectability, and acceptability
for face biometrics, the face was suggested as a good
biometric to be used for children. The alternative
would be the retina which was rated high for dis-
t i nc tiveness but rated low in collectability and
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine
71
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 4
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 5
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 6
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 7
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 8
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 9
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 10
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 11
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 12
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 13
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 14
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 15
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 16
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 17
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 18
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 19
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 20
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 21
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 22
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 23
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 24
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 25
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 26
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 27
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 28
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 29
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 30
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 31
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 32
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 33
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 34
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 35
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 36
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 37
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 38
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 39
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 40
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 41
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 42
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 43
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 44
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 45
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 46
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 47
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 48
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 49
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 50
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 51
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 52
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 53
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 54
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 55
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 56
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 57
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 58
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 59
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 60
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 61
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 62
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 63
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 64
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 65
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 66
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 67
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 68
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 69
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 70
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 71
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 72
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 73
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 74
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 75
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 76
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 77
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 78
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 79
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 80
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 81
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 82
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 83
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 84
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 85
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 86
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 87
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - 88
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com