IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2021 - 46

Opinion
be able to perform that task going forwards. However,
the assessment of their trustworthiness does not only
depend on the reputation of the trustee, but also on
the risks that one takes if the trustee does not behave
as expected. Assessing this risk is a responsibility that
stays with the trustor (the one who decides to trust).
So, on the one side, trust is earned with a good
reputation; on the other, trust is given on the basis
of a risk assessment. Thus, those who decide to trust
also have a responsibility to understand the risks that
they take when trusting. In this sense, when we consider
daily decisions to trust-from trusting a specific
news outlet to voting a representative into our parliaments-there
is a responsibility to make informed
decisions and not to concede trust too easily. 
 References
[1] J. Morley et al., " Ethical guidelines for COVID-19
tracing apps,'' Nature, vol. 582, pp. 29-31, 2020.
[2] A. Hern, " Apple and Google block NHS COVID app
update over privacy breaches, " The Guardian, Apr. 12,
2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/
world/2021/apr/12/apple-and-google-block-nhs-covidapp-update-over-privacy-breaches
[3]
P. Andras et al., " Trusting intelligent machines:
Deepening trust within socio-technical systems,'' IEEE
Technol. Soc. Mag., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 76-83, 2018.
[4] A. Luccioni and Y. Bengio, " On the morality of artificial
intelligence,'' IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag., vol. 39, no. 1,
pp. 16-25, 2020.
[5] S. Pitt et al., " No app is an island: Collective action and
sustainable development goal-sensitive design,'' Int. J.
Interact. Multimedia Artif. Intell., vol. 6, pp. 24-33, 2021.
Shuangge Wen is a Professor and the Vice Dean
with the School of Law, Jilin University, Changchun,
China. She currently holds positions in a number
of international academic institutions, including the
Director of the China Commercial Law Academy,
the China Security Law Academy, a member of the
European Association of Law and Economics, and
the U.K. Higher Education Academy. Her research
specialism is within corporate law and corporate
governance, and further extends to general aspects
of business law and interdisciplinary subjects
including business ethics.
Mariarosaria Taddeo is a Senior Research
Fellow and the Deputy Director of the Digital Ethics
Lab, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford,
Oxford, U.K., and is the Faculty Fellow and the
Defence Science and Technology Fellow with the
U.K. Alan Turing Institute.
Dr. Taddeo is a member of the Exploratory Team on
Operational Ethics, established under the auspices
of the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) panel of
the NATO Science and Technology Organization. She
has received multiple awards for her work, including
the 2010 Simon Award for Outstanding Research
in Computing and Philosophy and the 2016 World
Technology Award for Ethics.
Jeremy Pitt is a Professor of Intelligent and SelfOrganizing
Systems with the Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London,
London, U.K.
Prof. Pitt is currently the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE
Technology and Society Magazine. He is a Fellow
of the British Computer Society (BCS) and the
Institute for Engineering and Technology (IET), and
a member of IEEE.
 Direct questions and comments about this article
to Shuangge Wen, School of Law, Jilin University,
Changchun, China; shuanggewen@jlu.edu.cn.
46
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/12/apple-and-google-block-nhs-covid-app-update-over-privacy-breaches https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/12/apple-and-google-block-nhs-covid-app-update-over-privacy-breaches https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/12/apple-and-google-block-nhs-covid-app-update-over-privacy-breaches

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2021

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