IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2022 - 22

Guest Editors' Introduction
we have to " see through this glass darkly, " to avoid
amplifying societies' most self-destructive characteristics,
for example, the scientific enlightenment
that provided the foundations for this technological
development in the first place is under threat from
the smorgasbord of alternative facts and theories
that are offered on social media.
In the final quartet of papers, the question of ethics
is revisited in the context of modern indentured
servitude. First, Gardner explores the concepts of
responsibility, recourse, and redress that should,
but frequently do not, enable citizens to exercise
their rights and to be fairly treated. Gardner argues
that these concepts are severely neglected in relation
to AI ethics' principles, standards, and regulations,
and we need citizen-centric design in relation
to the development of AI systems and related AI
regulation so that when " things " go wrong-as they
inevitably will-citizens are equally empowered
and enabled to seek recourse and redress. In many
situations, " freedom to " is as important as " freedom
from " : rights are meaningless in the absence of the
ability to exercise them. Second, Lively argues that
thinking about the ethics of AI (and the ramifications
for selfhood and society brought about by
technologically enabled modes of modern indentured
servitude) implies thinking about the future.
But, her article shows the present is the time to
bring about a more " futures literate " approach to
human-centered socio-technical systems design
in the context of ethical AI futures. Third, Carmel
and Paul explore the EU narrative of " European
AI " and intelligent technology and suggest that the
" Made in Europe " label implies better, safer, and
more trustworthy is aligned with a " myth " that European
market-making and integration were focused
on peace and prosperity. They argue that this perpetuates
suppression of the acknowledgment that
this myth is founded on a political economy that
exploits colonialism. This is not necessarily the
socio-political global economy that we want, need,
or deserve. Finally, Tzanou examines the AI datafication
of vulnerable social groups such as poor
people and women. She argues that only if we are
attentive to the inequalities that the most vulnerable
face, AI could make a significant contribution
to addressing social problems in the future.
In summary, the term " modern indentured
servitude " did not originate with this workshop, but
we hope that this special issue has highlighted many
22
of the different shapes and processes it can take,
some more insidious than others. We would like to
think that, if each paper could talk, they would get
up one after the other and say, " No, I'm Spartacus. "
in These dark times, each of us needs the courage
to be Spartacus.

Acknowledgments
We would particularly like to thank the
Conference Chair of ISTAS'21, Heather Love, for
her help and support in running the AI4Eq-2 Workshop
in association with the conference, and Rui
Cardoso, Kristina Milanovic, and Asimina Mertzani
for organizational support and website maintenance.
Thanks also to all the speakers and workshop
attendees.
Some historical information about Spartacus
and his leadership of a slave rebellion against the
Roman Republic can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacus.
The Hollywood version,
and explanation for " I'm Spartacus, " can be found
at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8h_v_our_Q
(both links last accessed May 2, 2022).
 References
[1] A. Manjarrés, C. Fernández-Aller, M. López-Sánchez,
J. A. Rodríguez-Aguilar, and M. S. Castañer, " Artificial
intelligence for a fair, just, and equitable world, " IEEE
Technol. Soc. Mag., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19-24, Mar.
2021.
[2] United Nations. Current and Emerging Forms of
Slavery-Report of the Special Rapporteur on
Contemporary Forms of Slavery, Including Its Causes
and Consequences. Accessed: May 19, 2022.
[Online]. Available: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/
doc/UNDOC/GEN/G19/226/64/PDF/G1922664.
pdf?OpenElement
[3] S. Zuboff, " Big other: Surveillance capitalism and the
prospects of an information civilization, " J. Inf. Technol.,
vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 75-89, 2015.
[4] C. Durand, Techno-Féodalisme-Critique de
l'Économie Numérique. Paris, France: Editions La
Découverte, 2020.
[5] J. Pitt, " The BigTech-academia-parliamentary complex
and techno-feudalism, " IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag.,
vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 5-8, Sep. 2020.
[6] G. Zarkadakis, Cyber Republic: Reinventing
Democracy in the Age of Intelligent Machines.
Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2020.
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacus http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8h_v_our_Q https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g19/226/64/pdf/g1922664.pdf?openelement https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g19/226/64/pdf/g1922664.pdf?openelement https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g19/226/64/pdf/g1922664.pdf?openelement

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - June 2022

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