IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2019 - 23

can produce a variety of solutions
and options that are more sensitive
and responsive to local conditions.
This might be particularly important
in the Caribbean, which may be
exposed to more extreme events,
but the principles should be applicable to energy consumption and production throughout the world.
The four th and final ar ticle,
"Where does innovation come
from?," by Zach Pirtle and Jared
Moore, is a thorough comparative
history of research and development. It looks at two initiatives, the
first being Project Hindsight, which
was a U.S. Department of Defence
case study that examined innovations in military weapons systems
from the end of the Second World
War until 1962; and the second
being Project TRACES, which was a
National Sciences Foundation (counter) case study, which undertook a
retrospective review of innovation in
five different civilian technologies.
The comparison is revealing, and
supports the conclusion that a better understanding of the sources of
innovation could help policy makers
and engineers target their work on
achieving more desirable societal
benefits, such as sustainability.

logical innovation, policy regulation,
and ethical implications. It calls for
engineers to shoulder the burden of
social responsibility, and to consider
not just unintended consequences,
but to make ethical design choices.
These design choices make manifest choices in interfaces to their
systems, through not just participatory design, but also participatory empowerment.

Acknowledgment
Many thanks from the editors and
the authors to all the reviewers of
the papers for this special issue.
Their many helpful and insightful
comments have been very supportive in the publication process.

Author Information
Jeremy Pitt is Professor of Intelligent and Self-Organizing Systems at
Imperial College London, U.K. Email:
j.pitt@imperial.ac.uk.
Katina Michael is with the School
for the Future of Innovation in Society, School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University,
Tempe, AZ.
Terri Bookman is Managing Editor of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine.

The Future
In summary, this special issue recognizes the broad range of issues
facing the designers of socio-technical systems. In particular, it calls for
a deeper consideration of the balance and interplay between techno-

SEPTEMBER 2019

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IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

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https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/18/amazon-attack-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-corporate-gaslighting https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/18/amazon-attack-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-corporate-gaslighting https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/8636433/proceeding https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/8636433/proceeding

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