IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2019 - 38

Appendix-Sources Presenting Values
Design and Engineering
■ The 12 Principles of Green Engineering: A framework for
scientists and engineers to design materials, products, processes
and systems beyond baseline engineering qualities, which
enables them to consider environmental, economic and social
factors [19].
■ Value-sensitive Design: A design framework for incorporating
human values into technology design, which mainly commits
to thirteen values with ethical importance [20].
■ Social Dimension of Sustainability: A list of ten values
depicting social aspects of software [21].
■ ISO/IEC 25010 Product Quality Model: A model comprised of
eight quality principles, which describe the degree to which a
system satisfies the needs of various stakeholders [22].
■ Values for Assistive Technology Devices: A list of values
based on multidisciplinary literature that are important for
the development of assistive technology devices [23].
■ Sustainability Properties of Software Projects: A list of eleven
properties relevant for the sustainability of projects [24].
■ Software Engineering Code of Ethics: A code of ethics that
emphasizes the professional's obligations to the public,
supported by the ACM and IEEE [25].

■

Sustainable Development, Law and Human Rights
■ UN Millennium Declaration: A declaration based on 60 specific
goals, which are articulated as a set of six fundamental values
seen as essential to international relations [2]. This declaration
was adopted by 147 world leaders in 2000 [26].

with an overarching value and thereby provides specific aspects of it.

Result: An Extensive Value Collection
Table 1 shows the identified overarching values and
their associated specific aspects with reference to the
sources in which they are mentioned. Our value collection provides innovation teams and engineers with values and sources that they can consider during
requirement engineering. To support sustainable IS
development, the collection is ordered according to
the five sustainability dimensions presented above
[10]. The sources provide key information about found
values. This is vital for a successful value-oriented
development project. For example, for an IS that is
intended to live up to the value of equality, specific
aspects such as gender equality or minority equality
need to be considered. This does not mean that equality as a concept is exhaustively described in Table 1 by
just considering gender and minorities. But the table

■

Earth Charter: An ethical framework for building a
just, sustainable and peaceful society, resulting from
a decade-long, worldwide, cross-cultural dialogue on
common goals and shared values [27]. It summarizes
50 international law instruments, their core values and
principles [28].
Sustainable Development Goals for People and Planet: A
list of sustainability "must-haves" for human prosperity. It
builds upon recent credible scientific studies and existing
international processes [29].
Sustainable Development Goals: A list of seventeen goals
building on the Millennium Development Goals, but also
includes new areas such as climate change, sustainable
consumption, justice and others [30].
Millennium Development Goals Report: A collection of eight
goals, representing a broad vision to fight poverty in its
many dimensions. It was laid-out by world leaders at the
beginning of the new millennium [31].
ISO 26000 Principles of Social Responsibility: A list of
prin ciples that can assist organizations in contributing to
sustainable development by encouraging them to go beyond
legal compliance [32].
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A declaration
drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural
backgrounds from all over the world [33].
European Convention of Human Rights: A major piece of
legislation that aims to establish effective systems for supervising and protecting fundamental rights and freedoms [34].

illustrates that these two aspects of equality have been
recognized as important elsewhere and should therefore not be neglected.
This collection should not be understood as an
attempt to prioritize values. Prioritizing values could
lead to the exclusion of important values and would be
inherently biased as many value lists are derived from
each other. In fact, the relative importance and meaning
of a value is always deeply context-dependent [16], [17].
Values therefore need to be examined in the intended
operational context of a planned system. Such attentiveness for context also allows for cultural sensitivity.

Critical Discussion of the Value Collection
From a requirement engineering perspective, the presented human values are high-level requirements.
These requirements can be broken down into more specific functional and nonfunctional requirements [43], a
practice which subsequently allows for specification and
implementation. Other scholars suggest using extensive

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IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2019

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