IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2020 - 62
Reducing
Parking Space
Search Time and
Environmental
Impacts
A Technology Driven
Smart Parking Case Study
Aftab Khan, Parag Kulkarni, Ian Shergold, Michael Jones,
Marko Dogramadzi, Pietro Carnelli, and Mahesh Sooriyabandara
O
ver the last half century, the proportion of humans living in cities has
dramatically risen from around a
third to just over half. As cities continue to rise in popularity, demand
for basic services such as transportation increases. The automobile
has been the dominant method of inner city transportation for many cities across the globe, resulting in increased congestion and air pollution. As the demand for
transportation rises, so does the number of vehicles,
which leads to greater competition for publicly available
parking spaces. Use of land for parking can be an inefficient use of space, and it is expensive, both in terms of
real and opportunity costs. Addressing these issues requires cities to more effectively manage their public
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MTS.2020.3012329
Date of current version: 2 September 2020
62
0278-0097/20©2020IEEE
on-street parking spaces and road network infrastructure.
The ParkUs solution discussed here provides one parking
and infrastructure management approach, with potential
benefits for citizens, businesses, and cities.
A key component of parking is finding a vacant space
to park in. When this aspect was studied in Los Angeles
in the U.S., the average time spent searching for a
vacant parking space (also known as cruising) by a driver was just over 3 min. While seemingly insignificant, over a year this equated to an excess of roughly
932 000 km vehicle driven miles, generating approximately 730 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in
just that one city [1].
Various studies conducted over the last century covering cities in North America such as New York, Detroit,
Los Angeles, as well as European cities such as Freiburg
and Barcelona conclude that at any given time, approximately 30% of inner-city traffic is looking for a vacant
parking space. With the proportion of humans living in
IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE
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SEPTEMBER 2020
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2020
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