IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 5

hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism,
benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security [4].
Such universality only holds in a probabilistic sense,
and there are plenty of outliers. This does not leave us
stuck in moral relativism, but it does suggest that we
need to be practical. A pragmatic view of universal
values is that all people have reasons to value, say,
non-violence, even though not all people currently
value non-violence, to paraphrase Mahatma Gandhi
[5]. This " ought " versus " is " distinction admits that
values are aspirational.
our communiTy aSpireS to think critically about
the social implications of technology. Our membership
distribution suggests that we have opportunities
to bring a wider range of people into these rich discussions.
We should consider practical steps toward
a wider conversation. These steps should test, rather
than assume, that we hold the truth, communicate it
successfully, and demonstrate respect for others. Let
us bring our conferences to under-served regions,
recruit authors who bring alternative and even
divergent perspectives, and continue seeking more
diversity in our leadership. Let us reduce the financial
and linguistic barriers to participation, acknowledge
that our subject matter is seen through political
and cultural lenses, and aspire to relatively more
universal relevance.

 References
[1] R. H. Ennis, " Is critical thinking culturally biased? "
Teach. Philosophy, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 15-33, Mar. 1998.
[2] D. Atkinson, " A critical approach to critical thinking in
TESOL, " TESOL Quart., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 71-94, 1997,
doi: 10.2307/3587975.
[3] M. Bali, " Critical thinking through a multicultural lens:
Cultural challenges of teaching critical thinking, "
in The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in
Higher Education, M. Davies and R. Barnett, Eds.
New York, NY, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, doi:
10.1057/9781137378057_20.
[4] S. H. Schwartz, " Are there universal aspects in the
structure and contents of human values? " J. Social
Issues, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 19-45, 1994.
[5] A. K. Sen, " Democracy as a universal value, "
J. Democracy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 3-17, 1999.
Clinton J. Andrews is the President of the IEEE
Society on Social Implications of Technology. He is
a Professor and the Associate Dean for Research
with the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and
Public Policy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA.
 Direct questions and comments about this article
to Clinton J. Andrews, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA; c.j.andrews@ieee.org.
September 2021
5

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021

IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - Cover1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - Cover2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 1
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 2
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 4
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 5
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 6
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 7
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 8
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 9
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 10
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 11
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 12
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 13
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 14
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 15
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 16
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 17
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 18
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 19
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 20
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 21
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 22
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 23
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 24
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 25
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 26
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 27
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 28
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 29
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 30
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 31
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 32
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 33
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 34
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 35
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 36
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 37
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 38
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 39
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 40
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 41
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 42
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 43
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 44
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 45
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 46
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 47
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 48
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 49
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 50
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 51
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 52
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 53
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 54
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 55
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 56
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 57
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 58
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 59
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 60
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 61
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 62
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 63
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 64
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 65
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 66
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 67
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 68
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 69
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 70
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 71
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 72
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 73
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 74
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 75
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 76
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 77
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 78
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 79
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 80
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 81
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 82
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 83
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 84
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 85
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 86
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 87
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 88
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 89
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 90
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 91
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 92
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 93
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 94
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 95
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 96
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 97
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 98
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 99
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - 100
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - Cover3
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - September 2021 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_winter2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_fall2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_summer2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/technologysociety_spring2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com