IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Summer 2013 - 33

T

rust is modeled in
many disciplines as a
key factor in determining if entities cooperate with each other.
In the social sciences, particularly
within the social, economic, and
environmental domains, trust has
received considerable attention as
the key element to building sustainable societies. However, in the
networking and telecommunications fields, trust-based approaches
to developing sustainable systems
have yet to be examined. In this
work, we study how trust can be
facilitated among entities to build
sustainable networks with limited
resources or misbehaving entities
by learning from the lessons in
the social sciences. We discuss the
multifaceted relationships of trust
with both security and decision
making. We also investigate how
socio-cognitive models of trust
may enhance the sustainability of a
system. We discuss ways to make
more intelligent interactions based
on trust and economic principles.
Sustainable operations and technologies are of great relevance in
recent years based on response to
the growing awareness of resource
limitations in the world. In particular, network centric operations often
aim to develop sustainable systems
to support multiple goals [17].
Generally speaking, sustainability is defined as the capability
to endure [21]. The societal viewpoint of sustainability is known
as a long-term well-being that is
maintained environmentally, economically, and socially. Common
examples of sustainable biological systems are "long lived" and
"healthy" wetlands and forests.
Linking the definitions of sustainability with trust, economists or
engineers have discussed the relationship between these two concepts.
Based on the economics definition of
sustainability as "caring about future
generations" or "inter-generational
resource sharing," Scott [18] analyzed
this relationship in u.S. laws of trusts

Trust

propose how "trust" can positively
foster relationships between entities in a network to achieve sustainability by meeting both present and
future goals and requirements.
In this work, we discuss the following open research questions in
order to propose trust-based sustainable networks:

Sustainability
■

and claims that trust relationships
can help responsible decision making in current and future generations
under uncertainty and risk. There is
some precedence in establishing a
link between sustainability and trust.
Charles Green, the founder of Trusted
Advisor Associates, sees the relationship between trust and sustainability
as a critical philosophical core value
in business models [22]:
"Sustainability drives Trust,
which in turn drives reputation. It's
the repeated experience over time of
good practices that starts out with
good reputation, but then grows into
trustworthiness. And, in the long
run, over time, with repeated practice, a firm that consistently does
the right thing is a firm that is operating on a sustainable basis."
In trusted computing research,
Yan and Cofta [20] associated trust
with sustainability by proposing
a trusted computing platform for
building trust sustainability based
on the trust relationships among
components of the proposed system.
This article echoes the above
definition of "sustainability" and
the relationship between trust and
sustainability. Many future systems
may want to achieve both goals in
being able to live long, be healthy,
and be productive where resources
are restricted. In particular, many
wireless networks often face
resource constraints (e.g., memory,
energy, bandwidth, etc.) and security
vulnerabilities while trying to maintain performance requirements (e.g.,
scalability, efficiency, quality-ofservice) and security requirements
(e.g., integrity, authentication). To
build highly sustainable systems, we

IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

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SuMMEr 2013

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■

■

■

How is trust related to security
and decision making?
What are the dimensions of
sustainability?
How can a socio-cognitive
trust model contribute to the
sustainability of a system?
What factors affect trust
emergence, propagation, and
sustainability that influence
relationships among entities?
What behaviors affect trust and
sustainability (e.g., altruism,
reciprocation, cooperation)?

Based on these open research
questions, we propose a trust-based
sustainable network framework that
allows a network to operate for a sustained period of time, providing adequate performance and efficiently
making use of available resources.

Trust, Security,
and Decision Making
Trust has been recognized as the fundamental motive to enable collaboration or cooperation among entities in
networks. Most current research on
trust or trust management focuses on
how to measure trust more accurately
under highly uncertain conditions
(e.g., uncertain/incomplete information and unreliable communications).
Diverse applications of trust-based
schemes have proposed to use trust
for improving security-related decisions in applications such as intrusion detection, access control, key
management, and secure routing [6].
Attributes and properties of trust in
these models have included various
dimensions of entities such as the cognitive ability of humans. We restrict
the scope of this work to discuss the
factors that foster trust among entities
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