IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Winter 2013 - 48
likely will have influenced
the observed differences
in intention (BI) to use the
wearable tag. At p < 0.01
U
W
Z
p
level,
PPI ^U = 6533.5h is
Results and Discussion
PNC 4399.5
17929.5 -6.424
.000
p
<
0
.
001
level,
At the
statistically different for each
PPI 6533.5
20063.5 -2.932
.003
PNC (U = 4399.5), ATA
sample, although the differATT 7211
12362
-1.787
.074
(U = 5900),
and
BI
ence in means is small.
ATA 5900
11051
-3.951
.000
(U = 4834) were found to
The structural models proATB 7395.5
12546.5 -1.49
.136
be different in both samples.
duced by AMOS for the JapaFC
8280.5
13431.5 -0.003
.998
while a difference was anticinese and reading samples are
BI
4834
9985
-5.731
.000
pated for PNC, it is surprising
shown in Fig. 2. There are
and intriguing to find that,
strong estimates for all relaon average, responses in the
tions at the p < 0.001 level.
Kyoto sample (Mean = 3.56)
The regression coefficients
Table III
Assessment of Discriminant Validity for Reading
^ b h are unstandardized and
showed that the tag was felt
R 2 shows the variance. The
to be less physically invasive
p < 0.01 PPI
ATT
ATA
ATB
BI
than it was for the reading
GFI and rMSEA measures
PPI
.870
sample (Mean = 4.83). The
were used to assess how well
ATT
-.598 .880
differences in ATA may be
the models fit the data, and
ATA
-.664 .728
.800
explained by Japanese particindicated a medium to good
ATB
-.734 .700
.736
.790
ipants having a more indifferfitting model [12] for both
BI
-.556 .639
.636
.647
.940
ent or positive attitude than
Japan (0.864, 0.58) and for the
other cultures toward techU.K. (0.864, 0.58). First we
nology (Kyoto Mean = 3.31), and their attitudes more positive than examine the structural model proso may have a better appreciation those from the U.K. (reading duced for the U.K. sample, which
of the benefits technology making Mean = 2.55). These attitudes shows a strong negative relationship
U.K. and Japan sample sizes
are considered sufficient for
an SEM analysis [12].
Table II
Wilxocon Matched Pair Tests
Table IV
Assessment of Convergent Validity
Kyoto
Factor Item
Pnc1
Pnc2
PNC
PPI
ATT
ATA
ATB
FC
BI
48
|
Reading
Loading
Mean
AVE
CR
.748
.772
3.28
.570
.690
Pnc3
.743
3.78
3.56
Ppi1
.784
5.35
Ppi2
.901
Ppi3
.889
5.47
5.43
Att1
.853
2.51
Att2
.850
Att3
.705
2.96
3.34
Ata1
-
-
Ata2
-
Ata3
-
-
-
Atb1
.730
1.96
Atb2
.819
Atb3
.640
2.90
2.10
Fc1
.846
4.78
Fc2
.967
Fc3
.865
Bi1
-
Bi2
.792
Bi3
.666
4.82
4.51
-
3.87
3.69
.740
.860
Alpha
.817
.907
Loading
Mean
AVE
CR
Alpha
-
-
-
-
-
-
.760
.830
.909
.780
.890
.886
.630
.690
.816
.620
.670
.826
-
-
-
.880
.950
.944
-
-
-
-
-
.742
5.95
5.92
.988
.650
-
.780
-
.832
-
.946
2.50
.862
.831
2.63
3.00
.790
2.83
-
-
2.42
.803
.540
.650
.757
-
-
.760
2.50
2.20
.811
.800
.910
.926
-
-
-
-
-
-
.540
.550
.697
.890
2.53
.957
2.75
2.80
.970
IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE
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