IEEE Technology and Society Magazine - Winter 2014 - 57

Questioning
Professional
Autonomy in
Qualitative Inquiry
R. VARMA

A
iStoCK

n Institutional Review Board (IRB) is an
independent committee in the United States
that protects the rights and welfare of
human subjects recruited to participate
in research. The federal government
requires that government-funded research of all types
involving human subjects, or their records, must have
approval from an IRB. Institutions that receive government funds have, therefore, established IRBs to comply with federal requirements. IRBs review research
proposals prior to the commencement of research to
ensure that the possible risks to human subjects participating in a study are minimized and justified by the
anticipated benefits. IRB-type committees that are in
place or are being established in other countries are
identified under different names, such as Human Subjects Committee or Human Research Ethics Board.
Initially, some scholars argued that IRBs were
designed to address ethical challenges involving the
inherent risks, hazards, and dangers to human subjects in biomedical research, rather than in social science research [1], [2]. Since the year 2000, scholars,
reporters, and professional organizations have argued
that IRBs have become rigid in their interpretations
of federal regulations, and the enforcement of such
regulations on social-science research has reached
new and unprecedented levels [3]-[12]. According

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MTS.2014.2363983
Date of publication: 1 December 2014

IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY MAGAZINE

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WINTER 2014

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