i3 - January/February 2016 - 34
Smart Cities on
Many of our metropolitan
areas today are in urgent
need of an infrastructure
upgrade. Current transportation, energy, water and waste
systems were not designed
for a rapidly rising population and the consequences
are dire. Even though cities
represent today's economic
growth engine, they also
account for most harmful
gas emissions and sewage
overflows.
For example, measurements
of air pollution in London's
main shopping area known
as Oxford Street revealed
that it only took less than five
days for the British capital
to exceed the legal limit for
the whole of 2015. But air
pollution is actually a global
problem. In 2013, China had
to shut down an entire city of
11 million people because of
poor air quality.
34
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2016
Even if we ignore the dangers for citizens' well-being, there are also important
financial and social consequences that result from the temporary closing down of
businesses in highly-polluted urban areas.
One answer to the current problems faced by many urbanites is the upcoming IoT
revolution which promises to deliver the underlying technologies that city, state and
federal governmental agencies can use to build the next wave of smart cities.
Generally speaking, a smart city will use two categories of devices: gateways and
sensors. A smart city gateway combines a powerful microprocessor with multistandard, high-performance connectivity (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, cellular etc.)
to provide local analysis of data from neighbourhood sensor hubs. Once processed,
this data is then sent to the cloud for analysis and management.
Smart city sensor hubs are embedded devices used to measure anything from air
quality to noise, humidity or temperature levels. Their hardware architecture consists
of a microcontroller, low-power connectivity and a multitude of microelectromechanical sensors (e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, digital compasses, inertial modules, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, microphones and image sensors.)
Upgrading the infrastructure of metropolitan areas is a major opportunity for
companies involved in IoT. Consulting firm Arup estimates that the global market for
I T I S I N N O VAT I O N
Illustration: Geoff Graham
BY ALEXANDRU VOICA
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/air-pollution-in-londons-oxford-street-has-already-breached-the-legal-limit-for-the-whole-of-2015-in-9960277.html
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/air-pollution-in-londons-oxford-street-has-already-breached-the-legal-limit-for-the-whole-of-2015-in-9960277.html
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/us-china-smog-idUSBRE99K02Z20131021
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/us-china-smog-idUSBRE99K02Z20131021
i3 - January/February 2016
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of i3 - January/February 2016
Contents
i3 - January/February 2016 - Cover1
i3 - January/February 2016 - Cover2
i3 - January/February 2016 - Contents
i3 - January/February 2016 - 2
i3 - January/February 2016 - 3
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i3 - January/February 2016 - Cover3
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