i3 - May/June 2019 - 27

highways (conditional or near-complete autonomy),
and higher levels of autonomy for self-driving cars in
cities may be added, as well as partnerships with other
technology companies and automakers.
"One of the change points in the industry is that there's
more collaboration than in the past, because there's not one
supplier who can bring everything," says Bill Foy, senior vice
president of engineering at DENSO in Southfield, MI.
"Integration in the future is really important - integrating
technologies in the vehicle in a seamless way."
At CES, DENSO displayed a future mobility concept
representing Cars as a Service CaaS in several scenarios,
including fully self-driving, semi-autonomous, and personally owned rather than shared contexts. For example,
one was focused on the idea of a "digital twin" in the cloud
that helps a remote command center to reroute a selfdriving car around a difficult situation it encounters.

Left: Courtesy of Continental AG. This Page: Zhang Shuo/China News Service/VCG via Getty Images.

TELEOPERATION FOR SAFETY'S SAKE

One key component of self-driving cars is V2X connectivity, or the ability for one vehicle to communicate with others and the infrastructure around it.
At CES, Continental demonstrated V2X technologies
with the mantra, "Mobility at your service. Freedom to
Live." The showcase included:
● The company's first Intelligent Intersection pilot - now
operational in Walnut Creek, CA - which combines sensors, software and Dedicated Short Range Communication
to send information to the car about cross-traffic and
pedestrians out of the line of sight;
● An Intelligent Street Lamps concept that enables sidewalk pole lamps that can sense available parking spaces,
measure noise and air pollution, be remote controlled and
updated with new software, and interact with the Intelligent
Intersection tech to self-adapt to surrounding traffic;
● A City Data as a Service platform that brings together the
Intelligent Intersection, Intelligent Street Lamp, automated
shuttle, smart parking (which predicts and guides vehicles to
available on-street parking spaces) in a portfolio of services
that municipalities can manage and offer to visitors.
Nissan presented a version of this at CES. The automaker's Seamless Autonomous Mobility or SAM system
combined artificial intelligence (AI) with V2X, prompting
a self-driving car to safely stop and contact a human teleoperator, whom the automaker called a "mobility manager." Nissan says a self-driving car may be confused by a
police officer using hand signals to direct it across double
yellow lines and into the path of oncoming traffic. In this
case, the mobility manager could access the vehicle's

TO LIVE."
C TA . t e c h / i 3

- C o nt i n en t al AG

sensors (LIDAR, cameras and radars) to remotely assess
the situation, send the vehicle a path to follow, and command the vehicle to continue in self-driving mode when
the police officer gestures it to go.
A new company named Designated Driver, based in
Portland, OR, has a different take. The company's technology enables both the sort of "indirect" assistance described
by Nissan and "direct" control, in which the teleoperator
remotely drives the vehicle for a short distance himself.
The technology exists for a teleoperator to drive a vehicle
for a few minutes at speeds up to 20 miles per hour, says
Designated Driver's CEO Manuela Papadopol.
Because latency of the communications network may
be a concern for teleoperation, Papadopol says, Designated
Driver's system functions on 4G and 5G networks, and it
informs the teleoperator exactly how quickly the vehicle's
data is traversing the cloud. "If [the latency is] higher than
100 milliseconds, we don't advise teleoperation," she says.
"Then you go into that fail-safe mode, where the car is
brought to a safe stop on the side of the road."
Also distinguishing Designated Driver is the HMI
(human machine interface) that its teleoperators use,
Papadopol says. Because the teleoperator's training
and actual work are extremely strenuous, it's crucial
that the remote environment closely mimics a car's
cabin - even having an ordinary instrument cluster
and a normal driver's seat. "It cannot be an office chair
or a bar stool," she says.
The auto industry will continue to transform as its
connections with people and objects improve. 




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