Recording - May 2017 - 37

the symbol for them is ȍ. Whenever there's a difference in voltage
between the two ends of a resistance (a voltage difference like
this is sometimes called a voltage
drop), it's conventionally said that
current will flow from the point of
more-positive voltage to the point
of less-positive voltage (as shown
in Figure 1); the arrow shows the
direction of current flow.
But how much current? Back
when we were talking about
soldiers, I said that the flow of
soldiers was directly proportional
to the sergeant's meanness, and inversely proportional to the road's
resistance. To come back to the non-metaphorical world, that's true
of current, voltage and resistance; the whole thing is summed up in
the most famous equation in electrical science, called Ohm's Law.
One common way to express Ohm's Law is to say: current
is voltage divided by resistance, or, using the abbreviations:
I=V/R
You can also turn that inside out, and say that when current
flows through a resistor, a voltage difference develops
between its two ends. The Ohm's Law way of saying that is:
V=IxR

2

Keep that in the back of your head; we're going to use it,
but right now we're going to talk about capacitors. What's a
capacitor, you ask? Stick with me.

Jars and charges

When you were back in grade school science class, did the teacher
ever talk about a Leyden Jar? A Leyden jar was an 18th-Century
gadget (one of its inventors was from Leyden in the Netherlands,
hence the name). Figure 2 shows a Leyden jar; its most salient feature
was that it included two sheets of metal foil separated by an insulator,
in this case glass. (The insulator is also called a dielectric.) The Leyden
jar could store electric charge; if you rubbed a glass rod with
a silk cloth, it would become electrically charged, and you could
store that charge in a Leyden jar. Later, you could come back to find
the Leyden jar was still charged, and you could discharge it by
connecting the two foils with a wire, causing a spark to jump. This
bit of tomfoolery amused the educated classes no end.
A Leyden jar is an early example of a device called a
condenser or a capacitor. The word "condenser" has fallen almost
completely out of common use, except when referring to microphones; in Europe, these mics are sometimes called capacitor mics.
(In Georg Neumann's mother German, the word is Kondensator,
and a Kondensatormikrofon has been a Kondensatormikrofon for
nearly a century. English is a messy language.)
By whatever name, this device stores electric charge; how
much charge it can store is determined by its capacitance,



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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Recording - May 2017

Contents
Recording - May 2017 - Intro
Recording - May 2017 - Cover1
Recording - May 2017 - Cover2
Recording - May 2017 - 1
Recording - May 2017 - 2
Recording - May 2017 - 3
Recording - May 2017 - 4
Recording - May 2017 - 5
Recording - May 2017 - Contents
Recording - May 2017 - 7
Recording - May 2017 - 8
Recording - May 2017 - 9
Recording - May 2017 - 10
Recording - May 2017 - 11
Recording - May 2017 - 12
Recording - May 2017 - 13
Recording - May 2017 - 14
Recording - May 2017 - 15
Recording - May 2017 - 16
Recording - May 2017 - 17
Recording - May 2017 - 18
Recording - May 2017 - 19
Recording - May 2017 - 20
Recording - May 2017 - 21
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Recording - May 2017 - 25
Recording - May 2017 - 26
Recording - May 2017 - 27
Recording - May 2017 - 28
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Recording - May 2017 - 72
Recording - May 2017 - Cover3
Recording - May 2017 - Cover4
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