IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 13
Control Structure of the Ship
Electric Power System
the generator or AVR is to control
the ac, and eventually dc, voltage
output. However, by employing con-
trollable switches in the rectifier, the
dc voltage can be controlled and
maintained. Since frequency is not
a control objective, the prime mover
can be turned at an optimal speed
to minimize its fuel consumption,
thereby reducing emissions. The dc
output from the battery and fuel
cell is dc-to-dc converted with the
objective of maintaining the dc-bus
voltage. The dc-to-dc converter at
the battery outlet also has the con-
trol objective of maintaining the
voltag e and current level while
charging the battery. The charging
and discharging of the battery will
be decided by an energy manage-
ment system (EMS). Futhermore,
the inverter at the load side has to
maintain its ac output voltage and
the motor's speed by using the DTC
(sensorless) or FOC.
A complete control structure for the
energy carriers (the battery, genera-
tors, and fuel cell) in a typical hybrid
dc power system is shown in Figure 9.
The main objectives of the control
system are to maintain the dc grid
voltage and battery SoC, ensure the
optimal operation of the fuel cell and
GS
Battery
Fuel Cell
Voltage
Voltage
Current
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
dc Bus
Voltage
Torque/Field
M
Figure 8. The simplified hybrid dc power system, indicating the control objectives.
Power and Energy Management
SoC
BatteryManagement
System
IBat, VBat, ICells,
VCells, Temp
Energy Carrier
States
Supervisory Control
Energy Carrier Selection
PBatM,ref
PBat,ref
Battery
Control
IBat,ref
Current
Control
uBat
dc-to-dc
Converter
Load
Measurements
Power-Management System
Power
PG1,ref Control
PG2,ref
G1 Control
Fuel Cell
Control
G2 Control
IG1,ref Current IG2,ref
Control
Current
Current
Control
Control
uG1
Rectifier
PFc,ref
uG2
Rectifier
Converters
IFc,ref
Current
Control
dc Bus Voltage and
Current
Measurements
Energy Carrier
Measurements
uFc
dc-to-dc
Converter
dc Bus
Figure 9. The complete control structure for the onboard dc power grid. SoC: state of charge.
IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / D EC EM BE R 2 0 1 9
13
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019
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