IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 32

By Namireddy Praveen Reddy, Mehdi Karbalaye Zadeh,
Christoph Alexander Thieme, Roger Skjetne,
Asgeir Johan Sørensen, Svein Aanond Aanondsen,
Morten Breivik, and Egil Eide

ECAUSE WATER IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF DAY-TO-DAY LIFE FOR
humans, civilizations have generally flourished either in coastal areas
or near river basins. Today, about 40% of the world's population lives
near a coast and many of the biggest cities are located near the sea or
along rivers. In Norway, a high percentage of people live in coastal
areas. There are many waterways, such as canals and fjords, in these coastal areas.
Constructing bridges over these water channels is expensive and may hinder marine
traffic. Therefore, in the coastal cities, urban ferries are much more than tourist
attractions. They are an integral part of the city's multimodal transportation system
and essential for easing road traffic and congestion.
The ferry industry transports 2.1 billion passengers per year. By comparison, commercial airlines across the world carry 2.3 billion passengers per year. Ferries in London carry about 10 million passengers every year. The number of ferry rides annually
in New York, Sidney, Hong Kong, and Istanbul comes to 3 million, 16 million, 47 million, and 108 million, respectively (Figure 1). In many expanding cities, ferry ridership
will increase significantly as the population grows. London's ridership is predicted to
reach 20 million by 2035, double the number today. San Francisco's ferry ridership has
grown 74% in the last five years and is predicted to increase by up to 900% by 2035.
Urban ferry transportation systems are undergoing a revival in many coastal cities

B

Zero-Emission
Autonomous
Ferries for Urban
Water Transport
Cheaper, cleaner alternative to bridges and manned vessels.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MELE.2019.2943954
Date of current version: 2 December 2019

32

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / DECEMBER 2019

2325-5987/19©2019IEEE



IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019

Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - Contents
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