IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019 - 80

800

PSPS
PSPS
Pline
Qline

500
0
-500

Frequency (p.u.)

Active/Reactive
Power (kW) - (kvar)

1,000

0

20

40

60

80 100
Time (s)

120

140

1.002
1
0.998
0.996

fgrid
fship

Intentional Islanding
0

20

40

60

80 100
Time (s)

120

140

160

600
400
200

160

Voltage Magnitude (p.u.)

Active/Reactive
Power (kW)/(kVA)

1,500

Pload
Qload
0

20

40

60

80 100
Time (s)

120

140

160

1
0.98
0.96

Vship
V5
V6

Start Load Transfer
0

20

40

60

80 100
Time (s)

120

140

160

Figure 11. The case study results, load pickup, and islanding.

needs. The presence of onboard rotating generators
makes inertia available to the system and allows for the
sustaining of a stable electrical island, similar to the
emergency generators used by DSOs. Employing diesel
prime movers for this case study is justified only by the
necessity of facing a critical scenario with the modern
technology that is widely available aboard electric ships.
Storage systems with adequate regulation capabilities,
i.e., virtual inertia and grid code compliancy, are the true
candidates to bring these applications, which are clean
energy, zero local emissions, to fruition.

For Further Reading
E. Skjong, R. Volden, E. Rødskar, M. Molinas, T. A. Johansen,
and J. Cunningham, "Past, present, and future challenges of
the marine vessel's electrical power system," IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 522-537, Dec. 2016.
D. E. Olivares et al., "Trends in microgrid control," IEEE
Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, July 2014.
J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. de Vicuna, and
M. Castilla, "Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and
DC microgrids: A general approach toward standardization," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 158-172,
Jan. 2011.
IEC/ISO/IEEE, Utility Connections in Port - Part 1: High Voltage
Shore Connection (HVSC) Systems - General Requirements, IEC/
ISO/IEEE 80005-1:2012, July 16, 2012, pp.1-68.
D. Paul, K. Peterson, and P. R. Chavdarian, "Designing cold
ironing power systems: Electrical safety during ship berthing,"
IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 24-32, May-June 2014.
Fidigatti, E. Ragaini, F. Monachesi, F. D'Agostino, and F. Silvestro, Current Assignee: ABB SpA, "Method for controlling an
electric power distribution micro-grid," U.S. Patent 15 831 877,
July 7, 2018.

80

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / DECEMBER 2019

A. Boveri, F. D'Agostino, A. Fidigatti, E. Ragaini, and F. Silvestro, "Dynamic modeling of a supply vessel power system
for DP3 protection system," IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol.
2, no. 4, pp. 570-579, Dec. 2016.
K. L. Peterson, P. Chavdarian, M. Islam, and C. Cayanan,
"Tackling ship pollution from the shore," IEEE Industry Applicat. Mag., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 56-60, Jan.-Feb. 2009.
F. D'Agostino, F. Silvestro, K. P. Schneider, C.-C. Liu, Y. Xu,
and D. T. Ton, "Reliability assessment of distribution systems
incorporating feeder restoration actions," in Proc. 2016 Power
Systems Computation Conf. (PSCC), Genoa, pp. 1-7.
F. D. Kanellos, A. Anvari-Moghaddam, and J. M. Guerrero,
"A cost-effective and emission-aware power management
system for ships with integrated full electric propulsion," Electric Power Syst. Res., vol. 150, pp. 63-75, Sept. 2017.
A. P. Boveri, M. Molinas, F. Silvestro, and E. Skjong, "Optimal sizing of energy storage systems for shipboard applications," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 801-811,
2019. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2018.2882147.

Biographies
Fabio D'Agostino (fabio.dagostino@unige.it) is with the
Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication
Engineering and Naval Architecture, the University of
Genova, Italy.
Antonio Fidigatti (antonio.fidigatti@it.abb.com) is with
ABB S.p.A, Bergamo, Italy.
Enrico Ragaini (enrico.ragaini@it.abb.com) is with ABB
S.p.A, Bergamo, Italy.
Federico Silvestro (federico.silvestro@unige.it) is with
the Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture, the University of
Genova, Italy.
IEEE Electrification Magazine - December 2019

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