IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 26

An integration
scheme for
orchestrating the
planning and
operation of various
urban infrastructures
is therefore critical
since the optimal
operations of smart
city infrastructures
tend to be
progressively
intertwined and
interdependent.

infrastructures, which can be closely
managed for operational savings, costeffective risk management, improved
asset utilization, and prompt response
to emergency incidents. however,
urban infrastructures have been isolated for distinct purposes that allow
them to utilize dedicated, private, and
domain-specific communication and
control systems, which add difficulties
to making these infrastructures
interoperable. the vastly discrete hardware and software requirements pose
great challenges for the aggregation
and fusion of operation information of
infrastructures stemming from heterogeneous data sources embedded in
their operation systems.
interoperability among smart city
infrastructures should be continuously
maintained for achieving a coordinated operation. theoretically, interoperability among infrastructures can be
achieved either physically (which
necessitates extra physical facilities
for converting and linking services in different domains) or
logically (which relies on digital technologies to exchange
services and integrate functionalities in an abstract form).
smart city infrastructures can thus be interoperable at the
following three levels:
xx
Technical and syntax level: this level concerns physically
and logically basic connectivity, message exchanges,
and data structure of messages.
xx
Informational and semantics level: this level concerns the
information and concepts contained in messages
exchanged among smart city infrastructures.
xx
Administrative and organizational level: this level
concerns operational processes as well as strategic
and tactical objectives shared among smart city
infrastructures.
the process of adding interoperability among smart
city infrastructures is consistent with advancements in
iCts. in fact, automation tools and techniques enabled
by advanced iCts facilitate logical interactions among
smart city infrastructures without posing limitations on
their scopes. when technological, economic, and social
innovations successfully break down domain-specific
infrastructural silos, the collection of interoperable
smart city infrastructures can be expanded optimally
and maintained holistically, leading to more efficient
use of smart city resources and more flexible provision
of city services. For instance, the extensive interoperability among energy, transportation, and municipal infrastructures is expected to ensure more efficient water
distribution and wastewater treatment, more affordable
and increased availability of supplies of energy services,

26

I EEE E l e c t r i f i c a t i on M a gaz ine / j un e 2018

and more efficient and cleaner transportation services associated with
these activities.

Refinement of Services and
Functions in a Smart City

the holistic planning and operation of
smart cities introduce interoperability
among infrastructures for harnessing
their full potentials. then, city authorities are able to collect, integrate, and
analyze the real-time data from metering devices dispersed among infrastructures. Correspondingly, long-term
planning decisions and short-term
operation strategies of smart city infrastructures are optimized in close coordination, which can improve city
operations, ensure the well-being of citizens, and meet the expectations for
urban sustainability.
the output of smart city infrastructures is presented as city and
civil services. thus, the holistic view
of smart city operations introduces
additional opportunities to discover new relationships
among infrastructures so that smart city services can be
coordinated more comprehensively to better serve citizens. Meanwhile, the refined services present new
opportunities for optimizing the planning and operation of smart city infrastructures in newly specified
control domains. For example, when electric buses are
utilized for public transit services, they become control
resources associated with the electric power infrastructure (for battery charging) in addition to their conventional role in transportation infrastructure. thus,
electric buses can work closely with the electric power
infrastructure to minimize the impact of charging batteries at peak load hours, minimize charging time
delays for delivering optimal services to transportation
customers, and deliver ancillary services (e.g., frequency
regulation) to the electric power infrastructure when
buses are not in service.
to refine city services in the context of smart city
infrastructures, operational technologies (ots) that apply
optimal operation strategies for controlling and managing the physical process should be adequately emphasized for further improving the efficiency and quality of
city services. the sophistication of ots should keep up
with that of iCts, as iCts provide ots with more opportunities for fine-grained control and management in
smart cities. Cities can leverage ots to create additional
values for implementing smart city infrastructures by
coordinating their decision-making processes as they
deliver city services. thus, there is an urgent need to
develop a holistic multidisciplinary ot approach for



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018

Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 4
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 5
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 6
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 7
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 8
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 9
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 10
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 11
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 12
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 13
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 14
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 15
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 16
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 17
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 18
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 19
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 20
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 21
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 22
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 23
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 24
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 25
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 26
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 27
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 28
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 29
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 30
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 31
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 32
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 33
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 34
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 35
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 36
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 37
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 38
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 39
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 40
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 41
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 42
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 43
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 44
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 45
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 46
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 47
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 48
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 49
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 50
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 51
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 52
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 53
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 54
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 55
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 56
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 57
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 58
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 59
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 60
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 61
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 62
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 63
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 64
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 65
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 66
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 67
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 68
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 69
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 70
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 71
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 72
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 73
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 74
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 75
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 76
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 77
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 78
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 79
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 80
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 81
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 82
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 83
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 84
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 85
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 86
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 87
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 88
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 89
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 90
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 91
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 92
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 93
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 94
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 95
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 96
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 97
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 98
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 99
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 100
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 101
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 102
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 103
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 104
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 105
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 106
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 107
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 108
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 109
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 110
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 111
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 112
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com