IEEE Electrification Magazine - June 2018 - 33

Communication
Inefficiency

Information
Distortion

...

Device
Malfunction

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

Smart City Design, Development, and Management
Generalized Firewall

Communication and Control System
Supervisory
Control

Sensing and
Monitoring

Physical Components and Facilities
Smart Urban Infrastructures

Figure 21. A generalized firewall for smart city operations.

then managed for contributing to the urban and the global
sustainability in a truly synergistic and secure fashion.
on the other hand, smart city infrastructures are
sociotechnical systems that take full advantage of
human-machine partnerships. to continue providing
comfortable and affordable citizen-centric services, smart
city infrastructures should be modernized to respect
potential symbiotic relationships between humans and
machines within the context of smart cities. this modernization process necessitates the combination of a
bottom-up human-driven approach with a top-down
technology-driven approach, which hinges on the knowledge of information and operation technologies together
with experiences of behavioral and social sciences in
developing and managing smart cities. hence, cross-disciplinary research should be promoted to expedite the evolution of urban infrastructures for meeting the strict
requirements of smart city development. in that regard,
cities around the globe will manage to maintain the wellbeing, security, and safety of citizens under various environmental and regulatory conditions by improving the
efficiency, sustainability, reliability, and resilience of citizen-centric services.

Conclusions
smart cities motivate innovative solutions that act as key
drivers for enhancing the management and operation of
smart city infrastructures. the emerging smart city solutions will introduce invaluable opportunities to help
smart city infrastructures converge into more flexible,
efficient, and sustainable city operations. the realization
of urban sustainability around the world relies on extensive collaboration among citizens, technology vendors,
and city authorities. these individuals create, validate,
and demonstrate technological and social innovations in
smart city infrastructures and promote comprehensive
understanding of scientific, social, and human behavior
aspects of urban development.
on the one hand, smart city infrastructures are cyberphysical systems that integrate a hybrid of hardware and
software components including field devices (e.g., sensors
and actuators), low-cost iot communications, high-speed
telecommunications, and real-time big data analysis.
based on an efficient, adaptive, and service-oriented control framework for facilitating the integration and coordination of independent smart city infrastructures, the
smart city control center will make holistic planning and
operation decisions for historically isolated smart city
infrastructures to achieve a higher degree of operational
excellence. although iCts promise to make smart city
infrastructures more intelligent for real-time decision
making, these technologies unintentionally expose city
operations to a host of cybersecurity issues that will potentially hamper the efficiency of smart city services and the
well-being of citizens' lives. accordingly, risks associated
with technologically innovative solutions deployed in
smart city infrastructures should first be identified and

For Further Reading
s. p. Mohanty, u. Choppali, and e. Kougianos, "everything you
wanted to know about smart cities: the internet of things is
the backbone," IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag., vol. 5, no. 3,
pp. 60-70, 2016.
G. a. tanguay, J. Rajaonson, J.-F. lefebvre, and p. lanoie,
"Measuring the sustainability of cities: an analysis of the use
of local indicators," Ecological Indicators, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 407-
418, 2010.
M. shahidehpour, Z. li, w. Gong, s. bahramirad, and M.
lopata, "a hybrid ac/dc nanogrid: the Keating hall installation at the illinois institute of technology," IEEE Electrific. Mag.,
vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 36-46, 2017.
Z. li, M. shahidehpour, s. bahramirad, and a. Khodaei,
"optimizing traffic signal settings in smart cities," IEEE Trans.
Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2382-2393, 2017.
D. Jin, C. hannon, Z. li, p. Cortes, s. Ramaraju, p. burgess, n.
buch, and M. shahidehpour, "smart street lighting system:
a platform for innovative smart city applications and a
new frontier for cyber-security," Electricity J., vol. 29, no. 10,
pp. 28-35, 2016.
Z. li and M. shahidehpour. "smart cities for promoting a
sustainable urbanization." [online]. available: http://motor
.ece.iit.edu/data/smart_Cities.pdf

Biographies
Mohammad Shahidehpour (ms@iit.edu) is the director of
the Robert w. Galvin Center for electricity innovation at
the illinois institute of technology, Chicago.
Zhiyi Li (zhiyi.li@hawk.iit.edu) is with the Robert w.
Galvin Center for electricity innovation at the illinois institute of technology, Chicago, as a visiting faculty member.
Mehdi Ganji (mehdi.ganji@willdan.com) is the vice
president for smart Cities at willdan energy.

	

IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / j u n e 201 8

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http://motor.ece.iit.edu/data/smart_Cities.pdf http://motor.ece.iit.edu/data/smart_Cities.pdf

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