IEEE Electrification - June 2022 - 81

Summary
With the increasing attention that LH2 and its environmental
benefits is receiving globally, ENABLEH2 is well
placed to accelerate the EIS of LH2 aircraft. ENABLEH2 will
achieve this by maturing the following key enabling technologies
through a combination of numerical and experimental
research and innovation:
x ultralow-NOx hydrogen micromix combustion systems
x utilizing the formidable heat sink potential of hydrogen
to enable advanced propulsion technologies
including compressor integrated cooling and variable
cooling
x LH2 fuel tank and fuel system models.
A comprehensive suite of numerical models has been
developed to quantify the performance and emission benefits
of LH2-fueled aircraft. ENABLEH2 is also addressing
the challenges associated with the introduction of hydrogen
for aviation and will deliver:
x a comprehensive safety audit, characterizing and mitigating
hazards to support integration and acceptance
of LH2 at aircraft, airport, and operational level
x lifecycle costs and CO2 emissions relative to bestcase
scenario projections for Jet A-1, biofuels, and
LNG for different fuel price and emissions-taxation
scenarios.
ENABLEH2 is providing detailed roadmaps for each of
the 12 technology research strands that have been identified
by ENABLEH2 partners and key civil aviation stakeholders
that form part of the ENABLEH2 IAB.
Hydrogen on the " ground " :
x decarbonizing power generation
x hydrogen production, liquefaction, and distribution
apparatus
x airport infrastructure and aircraft fueling systems for LH2.
Hydrogen in the " aircraft " :
x ensuring safety with hydrogen-fueled aviation
x design of aircraft fuel systems for LH2
x propulsion systems using hydrogen as fuel (including
distributed propulsion options)
x combustor design and emissions reduction with
hydrogen
x new commercial aircraft designs for LH2
x aircraft operation and maintenance with LH2 fuel.
And, finally, hydrogen economics, sustainability, and
feasibility:
x aircraft economics with LH2 vs. alternative fuels
x environmental impact research, and assessment of
hydrogen versus alternative fuels
x integration of research funding and timeframes for
the introduction of LH2-fueled aircraft.
By the conclusion of ENABLEH2, detailed roadmaps for
each of these research strands will be published.
Acknowledgments
ENABLEH2 has received funding from the European
Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
(grant 769241). The authors are very grateful for the contributions
of all the ENABLEH2 partners and industry advisory
board members.
For Further Reading
" European Union Horizon 2020, ENABLEH2 H2020 project. "
https://www.enableh2.eu/ (Accessed: Nov. 6, 2021)
G. D. Brewer, Hydrogen Aircraft Technology. Evanston, IL, USA:
Routledge, 2017.
" Integration of hydrogen aircraft into the air transport system, "
Airports Council International, Aerospace Technol. Inst.,
2021. https://www.ati.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/
aci-ati-hydrogen-report.pdf (Accessed: Jan. 21, 2022)
P. G. Holborn, C. M. Benson, and J. M. Ingram, " Modelling
hazardous distances for large-scale liquid hydrogen pool
releases, " Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., vol. 45, no. 2020, pp. 23,851-
23,871, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.131.
I. J. H. Jonsson, C. Xisto, H. Abedi, T. Grönstedt, and M.
Lejon, " Feasibility study of a radical vane-integrated heat
exchanger for turbofan engine applications, " in Proc. ASME
Turbo Expo, 2020. doi: 10.1115/GT2020-15243.
P. Rompokos et al., " Synergistic technology combinations
for future commercial aircraft using liquid hydrogen, " J. Eng.
Gas Turbines Power, vol. 143, no. 2021. doi: 10.1115/1.4049694.
Biographies
Vishal Sethi (v.sethi@cranfield.ac.uk) is with Cranfield University,
Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Xiaoxiao Sun (x.sun@cranfield.ac.uk) is with Cranfield
University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Devaiah Nalianda (devaiah.nalianda@cranfield.ac.uk) is
with Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Andrew Rolt (a.rolt@cranfield.ac.uk) is with Cranfield
University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Paul Holborn (paul.Holborn@cranfield.ac.uk) is with
Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Charith Wijesinghe (c.wijesinghe@cranfield.ac.uk) is
with Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, U.K.
Carlos Xisto (carlos.xisto@chalmers.se) is with Chalmers
University, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden.
Isak Jonsson (isak.jonsson@chalmers.se)
is with
Chalmers University, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden.
Tomas Grönstedt (tomas.gronstedt@chalmers.se) is
with Chalmers University, Göteborg, 41296, Sweden.
James Ingram (ingramja@lsbu.ac.uk) is with London
Southbank University, London, SE1 0AA, U.K.
Anders Lundbladh (anders.lundbladh@gknaerospace.
com) is with GKN Aerospace, Trollhättan, 46181, Sweden.
Askin Isikveren (askin.isikveren@safrangroup.com) is
with Safran Tech, Paris, 75015, France.
Ian Williamson (ian.williamson@hy-energy.co.uk) is
with the European Hydrogen Association, Brussels, 1070,
Belgium.
Tom Harrison (tom.harrison@heathrow.com) is with
Heathrow Airport Limited, London,TW6 2GW, U.K.
Anna Yenokyan (yenokyan@arttic-innovation.de) is
with ARTTIC Innovation, München, 80333, Germany.
IEEE Electrification Magazine / JUNE 2022
81
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